scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influencing the Dynamics of Labor Emigration: Case-Study of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
W. Duranowski ◽  
Yu.M. Petrushenko ◽  
A.S. Vorontsova ◽  
V.Yu. Barvinok
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Main Factors

This article analyzes the results of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of labor migration and the factors of this phenomenon. Based on previous researches, factors have been grouped into four main categories, which include all areas of life of existing and potential migrants, such as economic and political, social and climatic. Labor migration is constantly growing. Thus, according to the UN estimates, the number of migrant workers in the world in 2019 amounted to 272 million people, ie 3.5 % of the population, compared to 2010, the figure increased by 56.25 %. Such significant migration movements lead to a global imbalance in the labor market. This proves that the study of this type of migration as labor is relevant, especially the study of the factors that cause migratory flows. The situation in Ukraine, along with world indicators, has a positive trend compared to previous years. Data from the State Statistics Service show an increase in labor migration by 44.4 % between 2016 and 2019. The UN report estimates 5 million people in 2019 who found a job abroad and recognizes Ukraine as one of the leaders in the number of emigrants. This has led to significant losses of human capital (including “brain drain”). Thus, in 2019, Ukraine’s losses from emigrants, including scientists and highly qualified specialists, are estimated at more than 1 billion dollars. Among the donor countries of Ukrainian migrants, the leaders are Poland, EU countries and Russia. This is mainly due to geographical factors and a higher economic level of development of states, compared to Ukraine. The article will also analyze the main factors identified by the state as key in labor flows based on the Labor Flow Management Strategy for 2025, approved in 2019. In the course of the analysis of this strategy, the basic methods of struggle of the state from the viewpoint of the power were defined. Thus, wages and political instability have been identified as key factors that negatively affect migration. Based on the obtained results, recommendations were developed for a more effective settlement of labor emigration issues in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Methods of Ukrainian labor migrants reintegration in the context of state migration policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Liubomyr ROMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The reintegration of migrant workers is the renewal and accelerated development of ties between the individual and the society, the economic and cultural systems, the restoration of the impact of the individual on socio-economic, socio-cultural and political processes and phenomena, increasing participation in the processes of sustainable development on the basis of introducing elements of economic culture countries of pre-migration. The methodological bases for improving the mechanisms of reintegration of labor migrants should be assessed on the basis of available political and legal support. The problem of labor migration has now taken on a national scale, which brings it out of the limits of the influence of any organization, cluster or individual state authority. The formulation of a strategy for regulating labor migration should be made on the basis of the status of this problem as a national one, therefore, requiring macroeconomic regulation, which will be supported by a strong institutional and regulatory framework. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of state migration policy. Results. Theoretical aspects of reintegration of labor migrants are covered. The content analysis of the legal acts of the President of Ukraine is carried out. A number of significant legal acts that have or can have a significant impact on state migration policy are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of migration, and the recent changes in determining the range of subjects of formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of labor migration are analyzed. The importance of regulating the issue of investments earned during the emigration of funds into the national economy is substantiated. Conclusion. According to the conducted research, the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of the state migration policy is formed under the influence of debates about the factors, directions and forms of support of the respective processes by the state authorities. We believe that the main disadvantage of reintegration institutional support is the lack of a unified approach to the role and importance of repatriates for the sustainable development of the national economy. In our opinion, this approach should be consolidated in the form of the Law of Ukraine with a clear definition of the subjects of assistance to repatriation and reintegration of labor migrants, as well as to strengthen with additional measures of informational, organizational character, tax privileges for investing the money earned abroad for search, development of employers of skilled migrant workers returning to Ukraine.

scholarly journals Legal Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) Overseas (Case Study of BP3TKI North Sumatera Province)

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Vinna Dinda Kemala ◽  
Eny Kusdarini
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
High Unemployment Rate ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Descriptive Method

Efforts to deliver overseas labour are considered effective to reduce the high unemployment rate in Indonesia. However, the higher the labour interest that wants to become migrant workers, the more cases experienced by Indonesian Migrant Workers (Tenaga Kerja Indonesia or TKI) abroad such as violence, rape, and wages that are not given during work. The low level of education of migrant workers is considered to be one of the main factors of the violence experienced by TKI. Protection against TKI working abroad has been governed by law No. 18 of 2017 on the protection of Indonesian migrant workers. The Indonesian Manpower Placement and Protection Agency (BP3TKI) is one of three institutions responsible for protecting the TKI working overseas. The purpose of this research is to further the broader explanation of the legal protection of Indonesian migrant workers abroad, conducted by BP3TKI in North Sumatera province. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method consisting of interviews, documentation, and library studies. The results of this study indicate BP3TKI has carried out its duties based on Law No. 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. In carrying out its duties, there are several factors and obstacles faced by BP3TKI to provide maximum legal protection to Indonesian migrant workers.

scholarly journals Current Trends of the State Regulation of International Labor Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
V. V. Lagodiienko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Shvets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Regional Labor

The problem of labor migration in Ukraine has become relevant in recent years, as it significantly affects the socio-economic development of both donor and recipient countries. As a complex economic phenomenon, labor migration changes the composition of labor resources, creates a new situation in labor markets, exacerbates the demographic situation in the country. The article is concerned with the analysis of problems of labor migration of economically active population in Ukraine and aspects of formation of the State policy of regulation of migration processes. The purpose of the article is theoretical substantiation, development of scientific and methodological bases and practical recommendations aimed at improving the system of regulation of international migration of economically active population in the context of globalization in order to obtain socio-economic benefits from the State participation in migration processes, etc. In the process of detailed analysis of the characteristics of migrants, clear trends in modern migration processes have been identified: migrants mainly are from rural areas of the west of the country; migrant workers are mostly men; younger people and rural residents predominate among migrant workers; people with higher education are less likely to migrate, while people with vocational education are overrepresented among migrant workers; migrants risk losing skills, etc. The mechanism of regulation of migration flows is substantiated – as a set of measures of influence of the State bodies on migration objects in order to ensure the optimal level of migration that meets the needs of the national / regional labor market and helps stabilize the macroeconomic situation in the country / region; tasks of the mechanism are defined. Functioning and effective development of mechanisms for regulating labor migration processes, as a special tool for the transformation of regional labor markets – combines socio-cultural, research and economic functions, necessitates an interdisciplinary approach to substantiate the increase of the competitiveness of the latter. The scientific basis of this approach is the methodology of institutional analysis – a set of concepts, principles and provisions based on the theories of human, intellectual and migratory capital, institutional economics, the theory of territorial migration systems and more.

scholarly journals Social Movement at Indonesia - Malaysia Border (A Case Study of Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Education in Sebatik Island, a Land Border of Indonesia - Malaysia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 11013
Author(s):  
Warsono Hardi ◽  
Nurcahyanto Herbasuki ◽  
Rifda Khaerani Thalita
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Border Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government

The condition of the state border area between Indonesia and Malaysia is totally different. Children of Indonesian Workers (TKI) have no (limited) access to learn in formal schools since they do not have citizenship documents. This study aims to analyze the implementation of basic education mission in the border area, particularly in Sebatik island, Nunukan regency, North Kalimantan province. In addition, the research was conducted using qualitative explorative approach. Problems arising at the border area are very diverse and systemic. The Indonesian government conducts the education in border areas still very limitedly. The role of the public, corporate and private companies (Three Net Working) becomes very important in operating the schools in border area. The role of a former lecturer who is famously called Mrs. Midwife Suraidah is very dominant in helping TKI’s children to learn a variety of knowledge in Sekolah Tapal Batas (Tapal Batas School) in Sebatik island, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan province. Some help from companies such as Pertamina (national oil mining company), Dompet Dhuafa foundation and volunteers who are willing to be teachers strongly support the continuously of Tapal Batas School. The continuity of basic education in the state border becomes a challenge for the government since the purpose of the country written in the opening of Constitution 1945 is the intellectual life of the nation can be realized by implementing it in Nawacita program.

scholarly journals The political economy of unfree labor and the state: An Indonesian case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Benni Yusriza
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Unfree Labor ◽  
Victim Protection ◽  
Trafficking Victims

Employing the concept of unfree labor, this article explores the role of the state in reinforcing victims’ vulnerability and shaping the political economy of trafficking practices. Based on a case study of trafficking victims in Benjina and Ambon, Maluku Province, Indonesia, I argue that Indonesian authorities’ intervention was driven not by humanitarian interest, nor by the concern for the protection of migrant workers’ rights, but rather by the intent to advance a political and economic agenda against the Thai fishing industry. Consequently, the intervention ignored the exploitative relations of production that underpinned the vulnerability of victims, despite being conducted in the name of victim-protection and improving livelihoods.

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of the State in Promoting Capitalist Accumulation: A Case Study of the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
Joseph Yaw Asomah
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Policies And Practices

There is limited in-depth research focusing on how the state exerts power and its influence through immigration laws, policies and practices in structuring the relations of labour and capital in a manner that reflects capitalist interests. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the state in fostering capitalist accumulation, using the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) as a case study, and to consider the implications for policy. This paper addresses these questions: What shapes and reproduces labour-capital relations with reference to SAWP? What are the repercussions of these relations, particularly on the international migrant workers? What should be the role of the state and law in transforming these relations? The paper draws on a constellation of insights from neoliberal globalization, segmentation of labour theory, and a conceptual overview of the role of the state in regulating labour-capital relations to illuminate the discussions. This paper helps broaden our current understanding of how the state faciliates capitalist accumulation in the agricultural sector in Canada through immigration policies and practices with reference to the SAWP. The paper therefore makes a contribution to the theoretical debates on the role of the state in the facilitation of capitalist accumulation in agriculture.

Problems of social security of labor migrants in the new social environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Nurlan Abdrasulova ◽  
Nargiza Abdyrahman kyzy
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Individual

Interest in studying migration processes is caused by the current situation in Kyrgyz society. The socio-economic crisis of the Kyrgyz society, which led to market relations, unemployment, and poverty, affected the needs of individuals and family members. Mobilization of the family's internal capabilities in the conditions of recession was aimed at survival, preference of material well-being to spiritual values, which led to the development of labor migration within the country and abroad. The lack of social protection of migrant workers leads to the state not accepting their employment, and this is fraught with consequences for the individual, family and society as a whole. The trend of development of labor migration obliges to develop an effective strategy of the state's migration policy and mechanisms for social security of labor migrants. Migration processes with effective state policy can become a resource for optimizing social and economic problems of society and have a positive impact on both the country of departure and the state of employment. If they are not, they can contribute to the development of socio-economic, demographic, criminal, inter-ethnic and other problems on both sides.

Uneven professional paths: A study on highly qualified Chinese and Indian migrants in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Mustafa Aksakal
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Political ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
China And India ◽  
Professional Goals ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

This paper addresses some key factors influencing the career development of highly qualified migrants during their stay abroad. It is based on 44 qualitative interviews with international students and highly qualified migrant workers from China and India, most of whom were temporarily residing in Germany. The findings show that different types of social capital might co-exist and perform multiple functions. Some migrants engage in entrepreneurial activities, availing themselves of links between their country of origin and Europe, which could help them to advance their professional goals. The study found that the political assessment of migrants also plays an important role. The paper concludes that the category of highly qualified migrants is heterogenous which comprises migrants who have different aspirations as well as divergent career trajectories.

scholarly journals Political elite behavior effectiveness in comparing the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Tran
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Significant Factors

The article aims to develop an empirical approach to identifying the key factors in the political elite behavior effectiveness in combating the COVID-19 pandemic propagation exemplified by Vietnam. Using regression analysis and the Chow test, we identified key behavioral factors that affect the effectiveness of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mortality rates and the state of the economy. The study sample was formed by data from 67 countries worldwide for 2020. The results suggest that the Rule of Law significantly influences the state of the economy in a pandemic. The COVID-19 mortality rate is affected by the Global Health Security Index, gender, and cultural factors. Based on the constructed linear multivariate regression models, we calculated the contribution of significant factors to the effectiveness of combating the pandemic in Vietnam, their stimulating and de-stimulating effects compared to the average values of these indicators for the sample countries.

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