scholarly journals A proposed lexicalised linearisation grammar: A monostratal alternative

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Generative Capacity ◽  
Feature Structure ◽  
Precedence Conditions ◽  
Order Constraints

This paper presents an overview of a proposed linearisation grammar, which relies solely upon information residing in lexical heads to constrain word order. Word order information, which encompasses discontinuity as well as linear precedence conditions, is explicitly encoded as part of the feature structure of lexical heads, thus dispensing with a separate LP specification or ˋphenogrammatical' layer standardly posited for linearisation. Instead, such lexicon-originated word order constraints are enforced in projections, propagated upwards and accumulated in the compound PHON feature, which represents phonological yields in an underspecified manner. Though limited somewhat in generative capacity, this approach covers the key phenomena that motivated linearisation grammars and offers a simpler alternative to the standard DOM-oriented theory.

Case morphology and word order in second language Turkish: Evidence from Greek learners

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Papadopoulou ◽  
Spyridoula Varlokosta ◽  
Vassilios Spyropoulos ◽  
Hasan Kaili ◽  
Sophia Prokou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
First Language ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Case Morphology ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Order Constraints ◽  
On Line

The optional use of morphology attested in second language learners has been attributed either to a representational deficit or to a ‘surface’ problem with respect to the realization of inflectional affixes. In this article we contribute to this issue by providing empirical data from the early interlanguage of Greek learners of Turkish. Three experiments have been conducted, a cloze task, a sentence picture matching task and an on-line grammaticality judgement task, in order to investigate case morphology and its interaction with word order constraints. The findings of all three experiments point towards a variable use of case morphology, which is also observed in previous studies of Turkish as a second language (L2). Moreover, they show clearly that the learners face difficulties with non-canonical word orders as well as with the interaction of word order constraints and Case. On the other hand, the learners performed well on verbal inflections. On the basis of these findings, we argue that the developmental patterns in the early stages of L2 acquisition cannot be attributed to a global lack of functional categories but rather to more localized difficulties, which seem to be related to (a) whether the features in the L2 are grammaticalized in the first language and (b) the way these features are encoded in the morphosyntax of the first language. Moreover, we claim that processing factors and the specific properties of the morphological paradigms affect L2 development.

Completion Grammars and Completion Automata Revisited

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Luc Steels
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Generative Capacity ◽  
New Class ◽  
Automatic Translation ◽  
Linguistic Model ◽  
Transition Functions ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Formal Properties

An extension of completion grammars is being introduced such that the model now deals with prefix, infix, postfix and post-infix word order patterns. It is shown that this extension does not affect the weak generative capacity of the system, which was known to be of type 2. Also the existing notion of a completion automaton is reworked, mainly to have the distinction in word order be reflected by the operations of the automaton rather than by the transition functions of the underlying finite state machine. In some recent publications (e.g. Steels (1975), Steels and Vermeir (1976), Steels (1976a&b» we have been dealing with a linguistic model known as compZetion grammars. These grammars were designed to cope with a functional viewpoint on language, this means they deal with case structures for language,expressions, instead of phrase structures as do the well-known Chomsky-type grammars. The model of completion grammars was developed in a context of research on language processing and automatic translation. In particular it reflects the current tendency to build semantics directed systems, rather than syntax directed ones. (See for a more detailed discussion on the distinction between the two Wilks (1975) and Winograd (1973). For the use of completion grammars in the design of semantics directed systems, we refer to Steels (1975;1976a&b). What will concern us in this paper is an extension of the model, and a study of the formal properties of these extended systems. Also we will introduce a new class of automata. The paper is organized as follows. First we extend the notion of a completion grammar, we give some intuitive explanations for the extension (1.1.), specify the basic definitions (1.2.) and study its weak generative capacity (1.3.). A second section deals with the automata. Again we start with intuitive explanations (2.1.), give the basic definitions and various examples (2.2.) and finally prove the relation between the grammars and the automata (2.3.).

scholarly journals Parts-of-speech systems and word order

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEES HENGEVELD ◽  
JAN RIJKHOFF ◽  
ANNA SIEWIERSKA
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Order Constraints ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Lexical Items

This paper argues that the word order possibilities of a language are partly determined by the parts-of-speech system of that language. In languages in which lexical items are specialized for certain functionally defined syntactic slots (e.g. the modifier slot within a noun phrase), the identifiability of these slots is ensured by the nature of the lexical items (e.g. adjectives) themselves. As a result, word order possibilities are relatively unrestricted in these languages. In languages in which lexical items are not specialized for certain syntactic slots, in that these items combine the functions of two or more of the traditional word classes, other strategies have to be invoked to enhance identifiability. In these languages word order constraints are used to make syntactic slots identifiable on the basis of their position within the clause or phrase. Hence the word order possibilities are rather restricted in these languages. Counterexamples to the latter claim all involve cases in which identifiability is ensured by morphological rather than syntactic means. This shows that there is a balanced trade-off between the syntactic, morphological, and lexical structure of a language.

scholarly journals Sõnajärg, infostruktuur ja objekti kääne eesti keeles

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ogren
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Boundedness Criterion ◽  
Word Order Variation ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Order Variation ◽  
The Relationship

Objekti kääne eesti keeles oleneb eelkõige tegevuse ja objekti piiritle- (ma)tusest, kuid da-infinitiiviga konstruktsioonides leidub palju varieerumist objekti käändes, mida ei ole võimalik seletada piiritletuse mõiste abil. Suur osa sellest varieerumisest on seotud sõnajärjega: da-infinitiivile järgnev objekti on pigem totaalne, infinitiivile eelnev objekt on pigem partsiaalne. Artiklis vaadeldakse seoseid sõnajärje ja objekti käände vahel neljas sagedases da-infinitiiviga konstruktsioonis. Kuna eesti keele sõnajärg sõltub suuresti infostruktuurist, uuritakse, kas ja kuivõrd on sõnajärjega seotud varieerumine seletatav infostruktuuriliste parameetrite abil. Jõutakse järeldusele, et objekti käände varieerumist ei mõjuta mitte infostruktuur, vaid sõnajärg ise. Artikli lõpuosas arutletakse selle üle, miks võiks sõnajärg üldse mõjutada objekti käänet ning miks selle mõju piirdub infiniitsete konstruktsioonidega.Abstract. David Ogren: Word order, information structure and object case in Estonian. While object case in Estonian depends primarily on the boundedness of the action and the object nominal, numerous constructions with da-infinitive verb forms exhibit object case variation that cannot be explained by the boundedness criterion. A considerable amount of this variation is related to word order: VO word order in the da-infinitive phrase favors the use of the total object, OV word order favors the partial object. The article examines the relationship between word order and object case in four common da-infinitive constructions. As word order in Estonian is heavily dependent on information structure, the article also investigates whether the relationship between word order and object case can be explained by information-structural features, and finds that the relevant parameter is in fact not information structure, but rather word order itself. The article closes with a discussion of the possible explanations for the relationship between word order and object case and for why this relationship is found only in non-finite constructions.Keywords: object case, da-infinitive, information structure, word order, variation, analogy

scholarly journals Retrieving collocations by co-occurrences and word order constraints

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayori Shimohata ◽  
Toshiyuki Sugio ◽  
Junji Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Order Constraints

Retrieving Domain-Specific Collocations by Co-occurrences and Word Order Constraints

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayori Shimohata ◽  
Toshiyuki Sugio ◽  
Junji Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Order Constraints

Learning word-order constraints under conditions of object ellipsis

Linguistics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Demuth ◽  
Malillo Machobane ◽  
Francina Moloi
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Order Constraints

scholarly journals Word order patterns in generic ‘zero person’ constructions in Finnish: Insights from speech-act participants

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Elsi Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Order Constraints

I suggest that seemingly puzzling word-order properties of the Finnish generic zero person construction can be explained if we acknowledge the relevance of speech-act participants (speaker/addressee) for the Finnish version of the EPP. Building on work by Moltmann (2006, 2010) on generic one as well as Malamud’s work (2012) on the features of one and you, I identify two different kinds of zero person constructions in Finnish, suggest evidence that the two kinds of zeros differ in their featural properties, and propose a refinement to the topicality-based EPP in Finnish that can be used to explain unexpected word order patterns of the zero person construction. This work draws new connections between reference to speech-act participants (in particular speaker-related meaning) and word order constraints.

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