The Effects of Water Depth on Short-term Biofouling of Introduced Substrates

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Phinney ◽  
Charles S. Yentsch
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Introduced Substrates

scholarly journals MEDIUM-TERM VARIATION OF BAR MOVEMENT AND ITS LINKAGE TO WAVE CLIMATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dilan Rathnayaka ◽  
Yoshiaki Kuriyama ◽  
Yoshimitsu Tajima
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Period Wave ◽  
Wave Properties

Longshore bars are a common site in sandy beaches which is influential on currents, morphology variation and the marine eco system. Longshore bar reacts to the variation of environmental factors and wave properties like wave height, water depth, wave period, wave skewness and it tends to move seaward or shoreward while changing its amplitude. According to Lippmann and Holman, (1990) short term bar migration has been triggered when the wave height or the wave height to water depth ratio are large. Elgar et al. (2001) has shown that short term seaward bar migration was caused by velocity skewness, undertow velocity and acceleration skewness. Influence of the wave breaking on the seaward bar migration has been identified as minimum according to Sallenger and Howd (1989).

scholarly journals Calving processes at a grounded ice cliff

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Kirkbride ◽  
Charles R. Warren
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Ice Velocity ◽  
Calving Rate

Repeat photographs and field survey reveal the mechanism of short-term ice-cliff evolution at Maud Glacier, a temperate lake-calving glacier in New Zealand. Calving is cyclic, each cycle involving four stages: (1) waterline melting and collapse of the roof of a sub-horizontal notch at the cliff foot; (2) calving of ice flakes from the cliff face leading to a growing overhang from the waterline upwards, and crack propagation from the glacier surface; (3) large but infrequent calving of slabs in response to the developing overhang, returning the cliff to an “initial” vertical profile; (4) rare subaqueous calving ofa submerged ice foot. Results indicate that the rate-controlling process is the speed of waterline melting, and that calving rate is independent of water depth (at least at time-scales of weeks to months). Slowly calving lake-terminating glaciers have mass balances more negative than land-terminating glaciers, but nevertheless advance and retreat in response to mass-balance driven changes in ice velocity.

Ship Springing Response in Finite Water Depth

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Jelena Vidic-Perunovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strip Theory ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Finite Water Depth ◽  
Wave Induced

The influence of water depth on the vertical wave induced bending moment acting on a hull has been studied. The deep-water second-order nonlinear hydroelastic strip theory, which is based on the relative motion concept, has been generalized to account for a finite water depth. Results for an analytical beam and for a tanker ship are presented and discussed. Short-term load predictions that account for a range of different sea states are given for a tanker ship. As seen from the present study, the effect of intermediate water depth may be a significant factor in calculations of ship springing response.

scholarly journals Calving processes at a grounded ice cliff

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Kirkbride ◽  
Charles R. Warren
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Ice Velocity ◽  
Calving Rate

Repeat photographs and field survey reveal the mechanism of short-term ice-cliff evolution at Maud Glacier, a temperate lake-calving glacier in New Zealand. Calving is cyclic, each cycle involving four stages: (1) waterline melting and collapse of the roof of a sub-horizontal notch at the cliff foot; (2) calving of ice flakes from the cliff face leading to a growing overhang from the waterline upwards, and crack propagation from the glacier surface; (3) large but infrequent calving of slabs in response to the developing overhang, returning the cliff to an “initial” vertical profile; (4) rare subaqueous calving ofa submerged ice foot. Results indicate that the rate-controlling process is the speed of waterline melting, and that calving rate is independent of water depth (at least at time-scales of weeks to months). Slowly calving lake-terminating glaciers have mass balances more negative than land-terminating glaciers, but nevertheless advance and retreat in response to mass-balance driven changes in ice velocity.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural Changes of Canine Kidneys During 24-Hour Perfusion on a LI-400 Preservation System

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Midline Incision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

Acetaminophen: Macula densa hypersecretory activity by induced hepatotoxicity

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 934-935
Author(s):  
S.S. Poolsawat ◽  
C.A. Huerta ◽  
S.TY. Lae ◽  
G.A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Tissue Alterations ◽  
Toxic Responses

Introduction. Experimental induction of altered histology by chemical toxins is of particular importance if its outcome resembles histopathological phenomena. Hepatotoxic drugs and chemicals are agents that can be converted by the liver into various metabolites which consequently evoke toxic responses. Very often, these drugs are intentionally administered to resolve an illness unrelated to liver function. Because of hepatic detoxification, the resulting metabolites are suggested to be integrated into the macromolecular processes of liver function and cause an array of cellular and tissue alterations, such as increased cytoplasmic lysis, centrilobular and localized necroses, chronic inflammation and “foam cell” proliferation of the hepatic sinusoids (1-4).Most experimentally drug-induced toxicity studies have concentrated primarily on the hepatic response, frequently overlooking other physiological phenomena which are directly related to liver function. Categorically, many studies have been short-term effect investigations which seldom have followed up the complications to other tissues and organs when the liver has failed to function normally.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document