Modeling Population and Ecosystem Response to Sublethal Toxicant Exposure

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger M. Nisbet ◽  
Russell J. Schmitt ◽  
Erick B. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Toxicant Exposure

Modeling Population and Ecosystem Response to Sublethal Toxicant Exposure

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger M. Nisbet ◽  
Russell J. Schmitt ◽  
Erik B. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Toxicant Exposure

Comparison of a preferred versus non-preferred waterpipe tobacco flavour: subjective experience, smoking behaviour and toxicant exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor L Leavens ◽  
Leslie M Driskill ◽  
Neil Molina ◽  
Thomas Eissenberg ◽  
Alan Shihadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
P Values ◽  
Smoking Topography ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

IntroductionOne possible reason for the rapid proliferation of waterpipe (WP) smoking is the pervasive use of flavoured WP tobacco. To begin to understand the impact of WP tobacco flavours, the current study examined the impact of a preferred WP tobacco flavour compared with a non-preferred tobacco flavoured control on user’s smoking behaviour, toxicant exposure and subjective smoking experience.MethodThirty-six current WP smokers completed two, 45-minute ad libitum smoking sessions (preferred flavour vs non-preferred tobacco flavour control) in a randomised cross-over design. Participants completed survey questionnaires assessing subjective smoking experience, exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) testing, and provided blood samples for monitoring plasma nicotine. WP smoking topography was measured continuously throughout the smoking session.ResultsWhile participants reported an enhanced subjective smoking experience including greater interest in continued use, greater pleasure derived from smoking, increased liking and enjoyment, and willingness to continue use after smoking their preferred WP tobacco flavour (p values <0.05), no significant differences were observed in nicotine and carbon monoxide boost between flavour preparations. Greater average puff volume (p=0.018) was observed during the non-preferred flavour session. While not significant, measures of flow rate, interpuff interval (IPI), and total number of puffs were trending towards significance (p values <0.10), with decreased IPI and greater total number of puffs during the preferred flavour session.DiscussionThe current study is the first to examine flavours in WP smoking by measuring preferred versus control preparations to understand the impact on subjective experience, smoking behaviour and toxicant exposure. The pattern of results suggests that even this relatively minor manipulation resulted in significant changes in subjective experience. These results indicate a possible need for regulations restricting flavours in WP tobacco as with combustible cigarettes.

scholarly journals Using plant litter decomposition as an indicator of ecosystem response to soil contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 107554
Author(s):  
Antoine Lecerf ◽  
Aurélie Cébron ◽  
Franck Gilbert ◽  
Michael Danger ◽  
Hélène Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Plant Litter Decomposition

scholarly journals Baltic Sea ecosystem response to various nutrient load scenarios in present and future climates

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 3369-3387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Saraiva ◽  
H. E. Markus Meier ◽  
Helén Andersson ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Christian Dieterich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Ecosystem Response

scholarly journals Characterizing ecosystem response to climate variability

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Matt Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jake F. Weltzin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Ecosystem Response

scholarly journals Conjugal TOL Transfer from Pseudomonas putida to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Effects of Restriction Proficiency, Toxicant Exposure, Cell Density Ratios, and Conjugation Detection Method on Observed Transfer Efficiencies

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Arango Pinedo ◽  
Barth F. Smets
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Tol Plasmid ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
Transfer Frequency ◽  
Cell Densities

ABSTRACT The effects of restriction proficiency and premating exposure to toxicants on conjugal transfer of the TOL plasmid between Pseudomonas spp. was investigated by examinations of filter matings. A Pseudomonas putida KT2442-derived strain carrying a gfp-tagged variant of the TOL plasmid was used as a donor, and both restriction-deficient (PAO1162N) and -proficient (PAO2002N) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were used as recipients. The in situ enumeration of conjugation events allowed us to obtain frequency estimates that were unbiased by transconjugant growth or plasmid retransfer. We observed a strong dependence of the plasmid transfer frequency on the initial donor-to-recipient ratio of surface matings, which invalidated the use of mass action-based plasmid transfer kinetic estimators. Careful control of the initial parental cell densities permitted evaluations of the true effects of restriction proficiency and toxicant exposure on TOL transfer. At standard donor-to-recipient ratios (10−3 for PAO1162N and 2 � 101 for PAO2002N) and total cell densities (105 cells/mm2 for PAO1162N and 106 cells/mm2 for PAO2002N), plasmid transfer frequencies without toxicant exposure were approximately 10−7 (events/mm2)−1 for PAO1162N and 10−11 (events/mm2)−1 for PAO2002N based on in situ observations of conjugation events. The enumeration of transconjugants via selective plating yielded transfer frequencies that were up to 1 order of magnitude lower. Premating exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate (1 to 10 mM) significantly increased the transfer frequency for the restriction-proficient strain PAO2002N (P < 0.05) but not for the restriction-deficient strain PAO1162N. On the other hand, premating exposure to ethanol, toluene, or phenol had no positive effect on the plasmid transfer frequency. Clearly, restriction proficiency provides a strong barrier to interspecific transfer of the TOL plasmid, and this barrier was only marginally attenuated by recipient exposure to toxicants within the ranges examined.

scholarly journals Feasibility Assessment of Wearable Respiratory Monitors for Ambulatory Inhalation Topography

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2990
Author(s):  
Shehan Jayasekera ◽  
Edward Hensel ◽  
Risa Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Performance ◽  
Exposure Risk Assessment

Background: Natural environment inhalation topography provides useful information for toxicant exposure, risk assessment and cardiopulmonary performance. Commercially available wearable respiratory monitors (WRMs), which are currently used to measure a variety of physiological parameters such as heart rate and breathing frequency, can be leveraged to obtain inhalation topography, yet little work has been done. This paper assesses the feasibility of adapting these WRMs for measuring inhalation topography. Methods: Commercially available WRMs were compiled and assessed for the ability to report chest motion, data analysis software features, ambulatory observation capabilities, participant acceptability, purchasing constraints and affordability. Results: The following WRMs were found: LifeShirt, Equivital EQ02 LifeMonitor, Smartex WWS, Hexoskin Smart Garment, Zephyr BioHarness, Nox T3&A1, BioRadio, SleepSense Inductance Band, and ezRIP & zRIP Durabelt. None of the WRMs satisfied all six assessment criteria in a manner enabling them to be used for inhalation topography without modification and development. Conclusions: The results indicate that there are WRMs with core technologies and characteristics that can be built upon for ambulatory inhalation topography measurement in the NE.

Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure and Inflammation Among Women of Reproductive Age Who Use Electronic or Conventional Cigarettes

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-550
Author(s):  
Mario F. Perez ◽  
Erin L. Mead ◽  
Nkiruka C. Atuegwu ◽  
Eric M. Mortensen ◽  
Maciej Goniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Toxicant Exposure
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