Naturalistic Field Studies of Sleep and Performance

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Belenky
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Breathing Artifacts of Urban BioClimatic Layers for Post-Anthropocene Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11307
Author(s):  
Marie Davidová
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Climate Comfort

This article seeks the qualitative synthesis of schools of thought from extreme climate regions that could support urban biodiversity and climate change adaptation through architectural design. It proposes that climate comfort and biodiversity are closely related. This article suggests a possible systemic urban metabolism within a built environment that can support a transition to post-Anthropocene, where humans and other species live together in synergy. This article exemplifies and seeks systemic relations and reflections of gathered field studies documentation of case studies of breathing walls, envelopes, and screens generating bioclimatic layers in the cultural landscape, selected for their penetrability and performance. The samples from diverse study journeys that were codesigned through vernacular cultures and the author’s research by design speculations on the responsive screen ‘Ray’ are investigated and speculated upon through gigamapping (visual complexity mapping). This gigamapping is not to present any hard data model but to relate, inform and speculate on the investigated field that is grounded in research by design on cross-species coliving. This is approached through possible architectures and architectural and urban design parasites, transitioning towards synergetic landscapes of our envisioned colived and cocreated futures.

Changes in Form and Style in Randai Performance at The Minangkabau Diaspora in Malaysia

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-355
Author(s):  
Indrayuda Indrayuda ◽  
Mohd Effindi Samsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Observation Instruments ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
And Performance

This article reveals the changes in form and style of the Randai performance performed by the Minangkabau’s diaspora in Malaysia. The novelty of this research is the study of changes in forms and styles in Randai carried out by the Malaysian Minangkabau diaspora. The disconnection of socio-cultural communication and the long distance between Minangkabau and Peninsular Malaysia impacts the shift in forms and styles of Randai in the Minangkabau diaspora. This research was conducted qualitatively by designing research works such as pre-field studies, by collecting preliminary data based on a diffusion approach. In the field stage, the informants were selected by snowball sampling. The interview and observation instruments were designed based on the performance structure and performance procedures. Researchers conducted data analysis using the techniques recommended by Spradley, namely: (1) domain analysis, (2) taxonomic analysis, (3) componential analysis, and (4) discovering cultural themes. The study results revealed that the forms and styles were caused by mixing cultures between the diaspora and the Malaysian Malays. These changes were done so that the local community could accept Randai. In addition, Randai can be easily learned and cultivated by the Malay Malays and easily expressed by the Malaysian community and the Minangkabau diaspora as the perpetrators of Randai. These changes occur through a process of adaptation and acculturation. The implication of this research is the emergence of a new Randai model, namely Randai, which refers to local culture, both from the aspect of the story, Silat style, and music, as an identity and tradition for the Malaysian Minangkabau diaspora for the future.

scholarly journals 66. Field Research in EMS: Who is Doing the Work?

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (S2) ◽  
pp. S36-S36
Author(s):  
David R. Johnson ◽  
Mark B. Napier
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
Meta Analyses

Purpose: To determine what types of EMS systems (public vs. private) are contributing to the peer reviewed field research in EMS and what type of research is being done by these agencies.Methods: A Medline literature search was conducted of all peer reviewed journals using the search terms: EMS, emergency medical services, EMT, paramedic, and ambulance. Studies published between 1976 and 1995 meeting these criteria were reviewed and classified as field or non-field studies. Studies were classified as field studies if they evaluated clinical outcomes or overall EMS system structure and performance. The type of EMS system in which the study was conducted was classified as: public (PB), private (PR), or a mixture of public and private agencies (PP). If the type of system was not evident in the paper, the primary author or EMS agency was contacted by phone. The primary affiliation of the first author was classified as being with: an educational institution, hospital, government agency, or EMS agency. Each study was also classified as being primarily clinical or evaluating EMS system structure. Review articles, editorials, and meta-analyses were excluded as were studies in which critical data elements could not be verified. Fischer's exact test was used for statistical analysis.Results: A total of 365 studies were evaluated with 66 non-field studies being excluded from analysis. 75 studies did not meet inclusionary criteria. This left 224 studies for analysis. PB systems accounted for 167 (74.5%) of field studies, with PP 44 (19.6%) and PR 13 (5.8%). Clinical studies were more commonly done by PB systems (72.5%) when compared to PR systems (38.5%), p = 0.02. System structure studies accounted for the majority of studies done by PR systems (61.5%). An affiliation with an educational institution such as a university occurred in 61.2% of the studies. The number of field studies done by PB systems has increased steadily over the last 10 years while field studies published by PR and PP systems has remained at a low level, with none published from 1992–1994.

scholarly journals Am I a Science Person? A Strong Science Identity Bolsters Minority Students’ Sense of Belonging and Performance in College

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722093648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie Chen ◽  
Kevin R. Binning ◽  
Kody J. Manke ◽  
Shannon T. Brady ◽  
Erica M. McGreevy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Students ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Science Identity ◽  
Science Courses ◽  
Racial Minority Students ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Identifying as a “science person” is predictive of science success, but the mechanisms involved are not well-understood. We hypothesized that science identity predicts success because it fosters a sense of belonging in science classrooms. Thus, science identity should be particularly important for first-generation and racial-minority students, who may harbor doubts about belonging in science. Two field studies in college Introductory Biology classes ( Ns = 368, 639) supported these hypotheses. A strong science identity predicted higher grades, particularly for minority students. Also consistent with hypotheses, Study 2 found that self-reported belonging in college mediated the relationship between science identity and performance. Furthermore, a social belonging manipulation eliminated the relationship between science identity and performance among minority students. These results support the idea that a strong science identity is particularly beneficial for minority students because it bolsters belonging in science courses. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals [Guide to Accepting Hiyal-Based Contracts in Malaysia Islamic Banking: An Evaluation] Panduan Penerimaan Kontrak Yang Berasaskan Hiyal di Perbankan Islam Malaysia: Satu Penilaian

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Muhammad Izzul Syahmi Zulkepli ◽  
Mohammad Taqiuddin Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Anuar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Muslim Scholars

Ḥiyal is a hidden approach in order to achieve certain goals. This legal device is still debated among Muslim scholars. Some of them are more likely to allow it, while others do not. Nonetheless, Islamic contracts that consist of ḥiyal, such as tawarruq have been attaining attraction especially in the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. It is offered widely through various Islamic banking products based on a specific guideline aimed at preserving the reputation and performance of Malaysian Islamic banking. Therefore, this study will examine ḥiyal concept from the fiqh perspective and the guidance of accepting ḥiyal contracts, particularly tawarruq-based deposit product offering at the Malaysian Islamic banking. To collect data, researchers utilised the library studies and field studies (interview). Library studies apply the method of documentation by referring to the ḥiyal discussion among Muslim scholars as well as the product disclosure sheet and the BNM tawarruq policy document. Meanwhile, the field studies employed the interview method which involve several informants among Shariah experts / muamalat and Shariah executives in Malaysian Islamic banking. The qualitative data were subsequently analyse using content analysis method descriptively. Research finding implies that although tawarruq contracts with ḥiyal elements were widely offered through Malaysian Islamic banking products, their acceptance took into account several guidelines, namely ḥiyal views from the perspective of fiqh, ḥiyal parameters, and BNM tawarruq policy document.   Ḥiyal merupakan satu pendekatan yang tersembunyi bagi mencapai satu matlamat khusus. Dalam perbahasan fiqh, fuqaha berbeza pandangan terhadap elemen ḥiyal. Sebahagian mereka lebih cenderung mengharuskan aplikasi elemen ini, demikian juga sebahagian lain tidak mengharuskannya. Namun begitu, kontrak yang mengandungi ḥiyal meraih penerimaan yang memberansangkan terutama dalam industri perbankan Islam di Malaysia, umpamanya dalam kontrak tawarruq. Ia ditawarkan secara meluas menerusi pelbagai produk perbankan Islam dengan berasaskan panduan khusus yang bertujuan untuk memelihara reputasi dan prestasi perbankan Islam Malaysia. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan meneliti konsep ḥiyal dari sudut fiqh dan panduan penerimaan kontrak yang mempunyai elemen ḥiyal, khususnya kontrak tawarruq dalam penawaran produk deposit di perbankan Islam Malaysia. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, pengkaji menggunakan kajian kepustakaan dan lapangan (temubual) bagi mengumpulkan data. Kajian kepustakaan mengaplikasikan metode dokumentasi dengan merujuk kepada perbahasan ḥiyal dalam kalangan fuqaha di samping lembaran pendedahan produk serta dokumen polisi tawarruq BNM. Manakala kajian lapangan menggunapakai metode temubual yang melibatkan informan dalam kalangan pakar Syariah/muamalat dan eksekutif Syariah di perbankan Islam Malaysia. Data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan secara deskriptif dan tematik. Hasil kajian mendapati meskipun kontrak tawarruq yang mempunyai elemen ḥiyal ditawarkan secara meluas melalui produk perbankan Islam Malaysia, penerimaannya mengambil kira beberapa panduan iaitu perbincangan ḥiyal dari perspektif fiqh, parameter ḥiyal dan dokumen polisi tawarruq BNM.   

Incorporating Muskeg Soil Shear Strength Into Buoyancy Control Design

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Simmonds ◽  
Lance N. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soil Shear Strength ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Buoyancy Control

For the past four years, NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) has included the backfill shear strength in buoyancy control design for natural gas pipelines built and operated in muskeg soil laden terrain. Incorporation of muskeg soil shear strength has resulted in major cost reductions. In typical muskeg soil laden terrain, the weighting requirement for NPS 4 and smaller pipelines has been eliminated, while the need for weighting of larger pipelines has been significantly reduced. Traditionally, muskeg soil shear strength has not been considered due to an absence of adequate theoretical and performance data. NGTL has constructed a series of laboratory and field studies in an attempt to quantify the contribution of “muskeg soil shear strength.” The results of this research program, when combined with a rudimentary field investigation, are part of NGTL’s current buoyancy control design methodology for pipelines traversing muskeg soil laden terrain. This paper presents a practical methodology used by NGTL for buoyancy control. Design examples are provided to calculate two design components; the maximum tolerable muskeg depth and optimum weight spacing. The paper concludes with a discussion of construction and operational considerations which influence buoyancy control design.

Assessing the performance of urban BMPs in Scotland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jefferies ◽  
A. Aitken ◽  
N. McLean ◽  
K. Macdonald ◽  
G. McKissock
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
And Performance

Best Management Practices (BMPs) in urban drainage have been promoted in Scotland for a number of years in response to the need to combat pollution arising from diffuse sources in urban areas. This has led to the construction of around one hundred BMP installations using both source and end of pipe control. These are principally in the East of Scotland, and the number is growing rapidly as education and knowledge increases. A programme of investigations into the factors which influence the performance of the systems commenced in 1997. A range of types of BMP are under study including both source control and end of pipe systems. The sites have been divided into groups for which different depths of investigation are being undertaken. The programme involves a number of parallel investigations requiring field studies, data reviews and enquiries to confirm applicability and performance in situ. Many of the factors which influence the selection, installation and operation of a particular system are social, legal and administrative in addition to those which relate to its design and construction. The different strands of the study have been developed to ensure that all influences are identified and evaluated.

Interaction of foliage and larval age influences preference and performance of a geometrid caterpillar

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Pinault ◽  
Graham Thurston ◽  
Dan Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insect Fitness

AbstractIn two recent studies it was reported that feeding on foliage of multiple age classes can improve insect fitness, but it was not determined whether the increase in fitness was due to larvae obtaining a more balanced diet (the balanced-diet hypothesis) or to a difference in the nutritional requirements between young and old larvae (the ontogenetic hypothesis). To test these two hypotheses, we examined the foraging behaviour and performance of young (second or third to fourth instar) and old (third or fourth to fifth instar) larvae of the pale-winged gray moth, Iridopsis ephyraria (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), on different-aged foliage of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière (Pinaceae), during an outbreak in southwestern Nova Scotia. Defoliation attributed to I. ephyraria was highest on current-year foliage and gradually declined with foliage age. Young larvae were only observed feeding on current-year shoots but old larvae fed on foliage of all ages. When forced to feed on foliage of specific ages in manipulative field studies, survival rates of young and old larvae were highest on current-year and old (≥1 year old) foliage, respectively. However, both young and old larvae had higher survival rates when provided with access to foliage of all age classes than when they were forced to feed on only young or old foliage. Thus, this study supports both the balanced-diet and ontogenetic hypotheses.

Environmentally acceptable surfactants applied for water-based paraffin control—novel technologies sustaining production of challenging Australian crudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Farrell Backus ◽  
Hans Oschmann ◽  
Mike Gunn ◽  
Evan Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Flow Line ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Multiphase Transport ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Generation

The use of environmentally acceptable surfactants in water-based products—as opposed to hydrocarbon-based products—offers significant benefits both from an environmental and performance perspective. Water, being a polar solvent, has a very limited capacity to dissolve non-polar hydrocarbons; however, a new generation of environmentally acceptable, novel surfactants has allowed the development of water-based wax removal technology that effectively penetrates layers of waxy deposits, and dissolves and disperses the removed paraffin. A conspicuous property of this new water-based paraffin remover is its ability (similar to some corrosion inhibitors) to migrate over surfaces resulting in the treatment of deposits not originally wetted by the product. The continuous application of environmentally acceptable surfactants in multiphase transport systems has not only prevented paraffin deposit formation but also has allowed for the removal of persistent paraffin deposits. These new chemistries have had excellent success in many areas, including Australian production fields. Cooper Basin field studies have shown that the application of these surfactants have significantly increased production through reduced downtime during winter months where high wax content producing wells traditionally would shut down due to flow line restrictions. This paper will review the selection and the application of these new surfactants in two Australian field locations.

APPLYING GESTALT VARIABLES IN LEARNING PHOTOGRAPHY WITH VIRTUAL GAMES

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Mohamad Fakri ◽  
Amri Yusoff ◽  
Che Soh Said
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gestalt Theory ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Basic Level

Photography is one of the major disciplines for graphic students. This course is usually conducted during the early semesters of studies and students are usually exposed to a basic level. Only after years of training and in the field studies, students are able to acquire the correct skills and techniques in photography. Therefore, early photographs produced by college students display a lack of merit and are less superior in quality. Moreover, these pictures look empty and any sublime messages, intended for the audience, are conveyed in a vague and misleading fashion. This paper defines six variables of the gestalt theory for enhancing the students’ skills and performance in photography. Gestalt theory can be used and applied to develop artwork into being more interesting and vibrant. The conceptual model is introduced and aims for educators to use it as a guide for teaching photography in their courses; so that students can upgrade their skills and performance earlier and make use of game based learning as an interactive media for learning photography.

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