Analysis of the Small Intestinal Microbiome of Children With Autism

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafail Kushak
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Sa1993 Constitutional and Functional Small Intestinal Microbiome of Patients With Celiac Disease, First Degree Relatives and Effect of Gluten Free Diet on Them

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-349
Author(s):  
Sudarshan A. Shetty ◽  
Dhiraj P. Dhotre ◽  
Khushboo Bhatia ◽  
Anil K. Verma ◽  
Asha Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals 979 – A Large Scale Evaluation of the Small Intestinal Microbiome in Subjects on Proton Pump Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Weitsman ◽  
Gabriela Leite ◽  
Shreya Celly ◽  
Walter Morales ◽  
Maritza Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals P676 The small intestinal microbiome in Crohn’s disease is characterised by increased luminal diversity and stable mucosa-associated communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S597-S598
Author(s):  
L Wauters ◽  
R Tito ◽  
M Ceulemans ◽  
A Moens ◽  
A Outtier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Community Variation ◽  
Lower Endoscopy

Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) may affect the entire gut but the composition and optimal sampling of the small intestinal microbiome are understudied. We assessed the variation in small intestinal luminal and mucosal microbiota in CD compared to healthy volunteers (HV) and functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. Methods Duodenal biopsies were collected with the Brisbane aseptic biopsy device1 followed by sterile brushing of the lumen/mucus layer. Aseptic ileal biopsies and brushes were also collected in CD patients with synchronous lower endoscopy. Acid- (proton pump inhibitors, PPIs) or immune-suppression (IS) and macro- (erosions/ulcers) and/or microscopic inflammation (CD) were recorded. Contamination was minimised during sample and data processing2 with further analysis at genus level. Microbiota covariates were studied using distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA, genus-level Aitchison distance) and PERMANOVA. Alpha-diversity (α) was compared between sampling types (biopsy/brush), disease groups, PPIs (off/on), IS (yes/no) or location (CD). Genera abundance profiles were compared transversally (sampling type) and regionally (CD) with correction for multiple testing (FDR<.1). Results A total of 99 participants (21 CD, 48 FD and 30 HV) with similar demographics were included. Only sampling type and subject were associated with duodenal community variation (table). Transversal variation was also evident from the more significant clustering for sampling type vs. groups (fig 1). Within CD, sampling type (8.5%) and location (17.8%, both p=.005) but not treatment or inflammation were associated with community variation. Duodenal α-diversity of brushes was lower vs. biopsies (p<2*10–9) and higher in CD vs. controls (fig 2). Compared to untreated subjects, α-diversity was lower with PPI in brushes (fig 3) and higher with IS in biopsies (CD) (fig 4). The 42 differentially abundant genera between sampling types of the duodenum were largely shared between groups vs. only 3 different genera for the ileum (CD). In CD, regional differences were found for 24 genera in brushes vs. only 6 in biopsies, with inflammation driving minor changes in brush and not biopsy samples of the duodenum only. Conclusion Small intestinal microbiota variation is significant, especially between duodenal luminal and mucosal communities. Luminal α-diversity was highest in CD but lower than that of the mucosa with an effect of treatment. Despite regional variation, mucosal genera profiles were more conserved and less affected by inflammation in CD. References 1. Shanahan et al., AP&T 2016 2. Davis et al., Microbiome 2018

scholarly journals The small bowel microbiome changes significantly with age and aspects of the ageing process

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Gabriela Leite ◽  
Mark Pimentel ◽  
Gillian M. Barlow ◽  
Ruchi Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Ageing ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Host Metabolism

Gut microbiome changes have been associated with human ageing and implicated in age-related diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. However, studies to date have used stool samples, which do not represent the entire gut. Although more challenging to access, the small intestine plays critical roles in host metabolism and immune function. In this paper (Leite et al. (2021), Cell Reports, doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109765), we demonstrate significant differences in the small intestinal microbiome in older subjects, using duodenal aspirates from 251 subjects aged 18-80 years. Differences included significantly decreased microbial diversity in older subjects, driven by increased relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, particularly family Enterobacteriaceae and coliform genera Escherichia and Klebsiella. Moreover, while this decreased diversity was associated with the ‘ageing process’ (comprising chronologic age, number of medications, and number of concomitant diseases), changes in certain taxa were found to be associated with number of medications alone (Klebsiella), number of diseases alone (Clostridium, Bilophila), or chronologic age alone (Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus). Lastly, many taxa associated with increasing chronologic age were anaerobes. These changes may contribute to changes in human health that occur during the ageing process.

scholarly journals Gastric acid inhibitor aggravates indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury via reducing Lactobacillus johnsonii

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Nadatani ◽  
Toshio Watanabe ◽  
Wataru Suda ◽  
Akinobu Nakata ◽  
Yuji Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Small Intestinal Injury ◽  
Small Intestinal

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) alter the composition of the intestinal microbiome, exacerbating indomethacin (IND)-induced small intestinal damage. Vonoprazan fumarate inhibits gastric acid secretion using a different mechanism from PPIs. We investigated the effects of both drugs on the intestinal microbiome and IND-induced small intestinal damage. We sought to clarify whether PPI-induced dysbiosis and worsening of the damage were due to a specific drug class effect of PPIs. Rabeprazole administration increased operational taxonomic unit numbers in the small intestines of C57BL/6 J mice, whereas the difference was not significant in the vonoprazan-treated group but exhibited a trend. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance of the unweighted UniFrac distances showed significant differences between vehicle- and vonoprazan- or rabeprazole-treated groups. L. johnsonii was the predominant microbial species, and the population ratio decreased after vonoprazan and rabeprazole administration. The vonoprazan- and rabeprazole-treated groups showed increased IND-induced damage. This high sensitivity to IND-induced damage was evaluated by transplantation with contents from the small intestine of mice treated with either vonoprazan or rabeprazole. Supplementation of L. johnsonii orally in mice treated with rabeprazole and vonoprazan prevented the increase in IND-induced small intestinal damage. In conclusion, both rabeprazole and vonoprazan aggravated NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by reducing the population of L. johnsonii in the small intestine via suppressing gastric acid secretion.

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