Early Detection of Amyloid Plaque in Alzheimer's Disease via X-Ray Phase CT

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic, devastating dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It mainly arises due to neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus area of the brain and is clinically manifested as a progressive mental failure, disordered cognitive functions, personality changes, reduced verbal fluency and impairment of speech. The pathology behind AD is the formation of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, deposition of amyloid plaque and decline in choline acetyltransferase and loss of cholinergic neurons. Tragically, the disease cannot be cured, but its progression can be halted. Various cholinesterase inhibitors available in the market like Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, etc. are being used to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. The paper’s objective is to throw light not only on the cellular/genetic basis of the disease, but also on the current trends and various strategies of treatment including the use of phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Enormous literature survey was conducted and published articles of PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials.org and Alzheimer Association reports were studied intensively to consolidate the information on the strategies available to combat Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, several strategies are being investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta plaques, tau protein and neural pathways are undergoing clinical trials. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotide methodologies are being approached as therapies for its management. Phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are also gaining attention in overcoming the symptoms related to AD. The present review article concludes that novel and traditional therapies simultaneously promise future hope for AD treatment.

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Development and Evaluation of a Tactile Cognitive Function Test Device for Alzheimer’s Disease Early Detection

Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.2174/2213385203666150804001349 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 58-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiajia Yang ◽

Mohd Usairy Syafiq ◽

Yinghua Yu ◽

Satoshi Takahashi ◽

Zhenxin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Early Detection ◽

Test Device ◽

Function Test ◽

Cognitive Function Test

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Bacterial sepsis increases hippocampal fibrillar amyloid plaque load and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Neurobiology of Disease ◽

10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 105292

Author(s):

Jacob M. Basak ◽

Aura Ferreiro ◽

Lucy S. Cohen ◽

Patrick W. Sheehan ◽

Collin J. Nadarajah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Amyloid Plaque ◽

Bacterial Sepsis ◽

Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Plaque Load

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Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Polar Harmonic Transforms and Optimized Wavelet Neural Network

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1574

Author(s):

Shabana Urooj ◽

Satya P. Singh ◽

Areej Malibari ◽

Fadwa Alrowais ◽

Shaeen Kalathil

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Detection ◽

Differential Evolution ◽

Early Stage ◽

Selection Process ◽

Parameter Tuning ◽

Wavelet Neural Network ◽

Tuning Parameter

Effective and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as early-stage detection, has gained more and more attention in recent years. For AD classification, we propose a new hybrid method for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using Polar Harmonic Transforms (PHT) and Self-adaptive Differential Evolution Wavelet Neural Network (SaDE-WNN). The orthogonal moments are used for feature extraction from the grey matter tissues of structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. Irrelevant features are removed by the feature selection process through evaluating the in-class and among-class variance. In recent years, WNNs have gained attention in classification tasks; however, they suffer from the problem of initial parameter tuning, parameter setting. We proposed a WNN with the self-adaptation technique for controlling the Differential Evolution (DE) parameters, i.e., the mutation scale factor (F) and the cross-over rate (CR). Experimental results on the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database indicate that the proposed method yields the best overall classification results between AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (93.7% accuracy, 86.0% sensitivity, 98.0% specificity, and 0.97 area under the curve (AUC)), MCI and healthy control (HC) (92.9% accuracy, 95.2% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, and 0.98 AUC), and AD and HC (94.4% accuracy, 88.7% sensitivity, 98.9% specificity and 0.99 AUC).

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