Measurement and Modeling of Volatile Particle Emissions from Military Aircraft

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Volatile Particle

scholarly journals Non-volatile particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hulda R. Jonsdottir ◽  
Mathilde Delaval ◽  
Zaira Leni ◽  
Alejandro Keller ◽  
Benjamin T. Brem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Volatile Particle ◽  
Bronchial Cells

scholarly journals Characteristics of sub-10 nm particle emissions from in-use commercial aircraft observed at Narita International Airport

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1085-1104
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Takegawa ◽  
Yoshiko Murashima ◽  
Akihiro Fushimi ◽  
Kentaro Misawa ◽  
Yuji Fujitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Particle Counter ◽  
Condensation Particle Counter ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Volatile Particle

Abstract. The characterization of ultrafine particle emissions from jet aircraft equipped with turbofan engines, which are commonly used in civil aviation, is an important issue in the assessment of the impacts of aviation on climate and human health. We conducted field observations of aerosols and carbon dioxide (CO2) near a runway at Narita International Airport, Japan, in February 2018. We used an ultrafine condensation particle counter (UCPC) and a condensation particle counter (CPC) with unheated and 350 ∘C heated operation modes to investigate the contributions of sub-10 nm size ranges to the total and the non-volatile particle number concentrations. The performance of the 350 ∘C heated mode was tested in the laboratory to verify the consistency with existing methods for non-volatile particle measurements. We also used a scanning mobility particle sizer with unheated and 350 ∘C heated modes and an engine exhaust particle sizer for the measurements of particle number size distributions. Spiked increases in the particle number concentrations and CO2 mixing ratios were observed to be associated with the directions of wind from the runway, which can be attributed to diluted aircraft exhaust plumes. We estimated the particle number emission indices (EIs) for discrete take-off plumes using the UCPC, CPC, and CO2 data. The median values of the total and the non-volatile particle number EIs for diameters larger than 2.5 nm as derived from the UCPC data were found to be 1.1×1017 and 5.7×1015 kg per fuel, respectively. More than half the particle number EIs were in the size range smaller than 10 nm for both the total and the non-volatile particles in most of the cases analyzed in this study. The significance of sub-10 nm size ranges for the total particles in the diluted plumes was qualitatively consistent with previous studies, but that for the non-volatile particles was unexpected. Possible factors affecting the similarities and differences compared with the previous findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Characteristics of sub-10 nm particle emissions from in-use commercial aircraft observed at Narita International Airport

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Takegawa ◽  
Yoshiko Murashima ◽  
Akihiro Fushimi ◽  
Kentaro Misawa ◽  
Yuji Fujitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Real World ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Total Particle Number ◽  
Exhaust Plumes ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Volatile Particle

Abstract. Civil aviation is undergoing rapid growth as a result of global economic development. Characterizing ultrafine particle emissions from jet aircraft equipped with turbofan engines, which are commonly used in civil aviation, is an important issue for the assessment of the impacts of aviation on climate and on human health. Previous studies have reported that particle number emissions from jet aircraft are dominated by volatile particles (mainly sulphate and organics) with mode diameters of 10–20 nm and that non-volatile particles (mainly soot) exhibit mode diameters of ~20–60 nm, depending on the engine types and thrust conditions. However, there are significant uncertainties in measuring particles with diameters smaller than ~10 nm, especially when fresh aircraft exhaust plumes are measured near the emission sources. We conducted field observations of aerosols and carbon dioxide (CO2) near a runway of Narita International Airport, Japan, in February 2018, with specific focuses on the contributions of sub-10 nm size ranges to total and non-volatile particles. Spiked increases in particle number concentrations and CO2 were observed to be associated with wind directions from the runway, which can be attributed to diluted aircraft exhaust plumes. We estimated the particle number emission indices (EIs) for discrete take-off plumes. The median total particle number EI with diameters larger than 2.5 nm was ~60 times greater than the median non-volatile particle number EI with diameters larger than 10 nm for take-off plumes. This value can be interpreted as the difference between total particle number emissions under real-world conditions and non-volatile particle number emissions regulated by standard engine tests. More than half of particle numbers in the plumes were found in the size range smaller than ~10 nm on average for both total and non-volatile particles. The mode diameters of the size distributions of particle number EIs were found to be smaller than ~10 nm in most cases, and the peak EI values were larger than those previously reported under real-world operating conditions. This study provides new insights into the significance of sub-10 nm particles in aircraft exhaust plumes under real-world conditions, which is important in understanding aviation impacts on human health and also in developing aviation emission inventories for regional and global models.

Achievements of Military Aircraft

1913 ◽  
Vol 108 (14) ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
H. Bannerman-Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Military Aircraft

179. Characterization of Fine Particle Emissions in an Engine Plant

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Heitbrink ◽  
T. Peters ◽  
D. Evans ◽  
T. Slavin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Particle Emissions

A Method to Describe the Process of Shaping Operational Effectiveness of Military Aircraft – An Outline

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Henryk Tomaszek ◽  
Ryszard Kaleta ◽  
Mariusz Zieja
Keyword(s):  
Support Function ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Operation And Maintenance

Abstract The paper deals with the process of shaping the operational effectiveness of military aircraft under some specific circumstances, i.e. while flying on missions. The term ‘effectiveness’ has been assumed to mean the probability of accomplishing an air mission by one of the aeronautical system’s components, i.e. the aircraft together with its pilot. There is a chance to improve the effectiveness, or make it worse, in subsequent flights, depending on how the maintenance support function. The correct operation and maintenance of the system’s components should provide that the following condition is satisfied: * Pk ≥ P , where Pk - effectiveness in the k-th flight, and P* - the lower demanded limit of effectiveness. The Authors drew their inspiration for this paper from publication [2].

Military aircraft technology - Needs and trends for the 80's

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BARLOW ◽  
G. RICHEY ◽  
K. COLLIER
Keyword(s):  
Military Aircraft
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