An Evaluation of a Combat Conditioning Trial Program

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jr Vickers ◽  
Reynolds Ross R. ◽  
Jordan John H. ◽  
Hervig Justin R. ◽  
Linda K.
Keyword(s):  
Conditioning Trial

Differential GSR Conditioning with Mixed UCSs

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
Richard E. Goranson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Shock ◽  
Conditioning Trial ◽  
Loud Tone

Instead of a single UCS, three UCSs (an electric shock, a flash of light, and a loud tone) were used in a differential GSR conditioning study. Conditioning was successfully established by pairing the CS+ with a different UCS on each conditioning trial.

Exteroceptive Context in Tasteaversion Conditioning and Extinction: Odour, Cage, and Bottle Stimuli

1980 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Archer ◽  
Per-Olow Sjödén ◽  
Lars-Göran Nilsson ◽  
Ned Carter
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioning Trial ◽  
Taste Stimulus ◽  
Conditioning Context ◽  
Saccharin Intake ◽  
Taste Aversion Conditioning ◽  
Saccharin Aversion ◽  
Aversion Conditioning ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Subsequent Preference

Five experiments investigated the extent to which the exteroceptive context, present on a saccharin aversion conditioning trial with rats, controlled the resulting aversion on one-bottle extinction tests and subsequent preference tests. The presence or absence of the specific odour which had been present on the conditioning trial was found not to influence saccharin intake on extinction tests, whereas the presence of the particular compartment in which, and the bottle from which, the saccharin had been consumed greatly suppressed saccharin intake as compared to the absence of these elements. Preference tests, performed in the respective conditioning contexts, showed extinction to be specific to the compartment + bottle context: groups that had extinguished their saccharin aversion in a context different from the conditioning context, retained their aversion in the conditioning context. No such specificity was found for the odour context. However, in the absence of the taste stimulus during the extinction phase, the odour that had been present on the conditioning trial did control the amount of water consumed, whereas the compartment+bottle context did not. Moreover, on preference tests, groups that had consumed water during extinction in the presence of the odour context, evidenced a lesser saccharin aversion than groups not exposed to the odour. The results are interpreted as demonstrating that rats learn about taste, odour, cage and bottle stimuli on a taste-aversion conditioning trial, and that taste and bottle stimuli seem to be the most salient.

Temporal determinants of long-term retention of olfactory memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihisa Matsumoto ◽  
Makoto Mizunami
Keyword(s):  
Conditioning Trial ◽  
Differential Conditioning ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Appetitive Conditioning ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Term Memory

SUMMARY Temporal determinants of olfactory long-term memory retention in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus were studied. Elementary appetitive and aversive conditioning procedures, as well as a differential conditioning procedure, were applied. In appetitive conditioning, peppermint odour was paired with a water reward. In aversive conditioning, vanilla odour was paired with saline solution. In differential conditioning, an appetitive conditioning trial was followed by an aversive conditioning trial. The odour preference of crickets was tested before and 2 h, 1 day and 4 days after training by allowing the crickets to choose between peppermint or vanilla sources. Differential conditioning or appetitive conditioning alone led to long-lasting memory retention with no significant decay from 2 h to 4 days after training,but retention after aversive conditioning was absent 1 day after training. Studies using differential conditioning have shown (i) that four trials are sufficient to cause a saturated level of acquisition, (ii) that conditioning is successful when the conditioned stimulus is presented immediately or 5 s before the onset of presentation of the unconditioned stimulus, (iii) that the optimal interval between trials is 2-5 min, and (iv) that anaesthetic treatment with CO2 given immediately after training results in memory disruption but that anaesthetic-resistant memory develops fully 20 min after training. This study demonstrates that a differential conditioning procedure is particularly effective for the formation of long-term memory.

Electroshock-Induced Retrograde Amnesia in Seizure-Protected Mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter B. Essman
Keyword(s):  
Retrograde Amnesia ◽  
Conditioning Trial ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Amnesic Effect ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Brain

Mice given electroshock following a single conditioning trial showed a retrograde amnesia for the conditioned response as a function of the time interval between training and electroshock. When, under two different conditions, the overt convulsion produced by electroshock was prevented, the retrograde amnesia still was in evidence. The data suggest that current flow through the brain, rather than an overt convulsion, accounts for the amnesic effect of electroshock.

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