Using Spiral Development to Reduce Acquisition Cycle Times

Abstract With the ever-increasing density and performance of integrated circuits, non-invasive, accurate, and high spatial and temporal resolution electric signal measurement instruments hold the key to performing successful diagnostics and failure analysis. Sampled electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) has the potential for such applications. It provides a noninvasive approach to measuring high frequency internal integrated circuit signals. Previous EFMs operate using a repetitive single-pulse sampling approach and are inherently subject to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) problems when test pattern duty cycle times become large. In this paper we present an innovative technique that uses groups of pulses to improve the SNR of sampled EFM systems. The approach can easily provide more than an order-ofmagnitude improvement to the SNR. The details of the approach are presented.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Structural basis of a Ni acquisition cycle for [NiFe] hydrogenase by Ni-metallochaperone HypA and its enhancer.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725544936.793507310 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Maroney

Keyword(s):

Structural Basis ◽

Acquisition Cycle

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Comparison of Aerobic and Anoxic-Aerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0068 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 1475-1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A P. C. Warner ◽

G. A. Ekama ◽

G v. R. Marais

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Waste Activated Sludge ◽

Activated Sludge Process ◽

Cycle Times ◽

Waste Sludge ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

In Series ◽

Flow Through ◽

Theoretical Simulations

The laboratory scale experimental investigation comprised a 6 day sludge age activated sludge process, the waste sludge of which was fed to a number of digesters operated as follows: single reactor flow through digesters at 4 or 6 days sludge age, under aerobic and anoxic-aerobic conditions (with 1,5 and 4 h cycle times) and 3-in-series flow through aerobic digesters each at 4 days sludge age; all digesters were fed draw-and-fill wise once per day. The general kinetic model for the aerobic activated sludge process set out by Dold et al., (1980) and extended to the anoxic-aerobic process by van Haandel et al., (1981) simulated accurately all the experimental data (Figs 1 to 4) without the need for adjusting the kinetic constants. Both theoretical simulations and experimental data indicate that (i) the rate of volatile solids destruction is not affected by the incorporation of anoxic cycles and (ii) the specific denitrification rate is independent of sludge age and is K4T = 0,046(l,029)(T-20) mgNO3-N/(mg active VSS. d) i.e. about 2/3 of that in the secondary anoxic of the single sludge activated sludge stystem. An important consequence of (i) and (ii) above is that denitrification can be integrated easily in the steady state digester model of Marais and Ekama (1976) and used for design (Warner et al., 1983).

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Non Linear Growth of Variance in the Process Gaps. A Cause of Adverse Cycle Times

2020 China Semiconductor Technology International Conference (CSTIC) ◽

10.1109/cstic49141.2020.9282532 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

George W Horn ◽

William Podgorski

Keyword(s):

Linear Growth ◽

Cycle Times ◽

Non Linear

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Lifetime of electrochromic optical transition cycling of ethyl viologen diperchlorate-based electrochromic devices

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04552-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Logan G. Kiefer ◽

Christian J. Robert ◽

Taylor D. Sparks

Keyword(s):

Optical Transition ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Power Measurement ◽

Electrochromic Devices ◽

Metal Oxide Films ◽

Cycle Times ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Multiple Devices ◽

Measurement Devices

AbstractElectrochromic materials and devices are enabling a variety of advanced technologies. Gel-based organic electrochromic molecules such as ethyl viologen diperchlorate are attractive options due to their simple device design and low cost processing options relative to the more expensive and complex transition metal oxide films. However, electrochromic devices are subject to extensive cycling in which failure and fatigue can eventually occur. This work presents the lifetime cycling performance of ethyl viologen diperchlorate-based electrochromic devices using two different anodic compounds, hydroquinone and ferrocene, which are cycled at different voltages, 3 V and 1.2 V, respectively. Multiple devices are cycled until failure with periodic device characterization via UV–Vis spectroscopy, electrical resistance and power measurement, and transition duration measurement. Devices with hydroquinone can transition quickly. Cycle times are $$\sim$$ ∼ 30 s in these samples, however, these samples also typically fail before 3000 cycles. On the other hand, devices using ferrocene transition more slowly (total cycle time $$\sim$$ ∼ 2 min), but have superior cycling performance with all samples surviving beyond 10,000 cycles while complying with ASTM E2141-14 standard.

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waveRAPID—A Robust Assay for High-Throughput Kinetic Screens with the Creoptix WAVEsystem

SLAS DISCOVERY Advancing Life Sciences ◽

10.1177/24725552211013827 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 247255522110138

Author(s):

Önder Kartal ◽

Fabio Andres ◽

May Poh Lai ◽

Rony Nehme ◽

Kaspar Cottier

Keyword(s):

Drug Discovery ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Short Pulses ◽

Cycle Times ◽

Fragment Screening ◽

New Instrument ◽

Single Well ◽

Compound Screening

Surface-based biophysical methods for measuring binding kinetics of molecular interactions, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or grating-coupled interferometry (GCI), are now well established and widely used in drug discovery. Increasing throughput is an often-cited need in the drug discovery process and this has been achieved with new instrument generations where multiple interactions are measured in parallel, shortening the total measurement times and enabling new application areas within the field. Here, we present the development of a novel technology called waveRAPID for a further—up to 10-fold—increase in throughput, consisting of an injection method using a single sample. Instead of sequentially injecting increasing analyte concentrations for constant durations, the analyte is injected at a single concentration in short pulses of increasing durations. A major advantage of the new method is its ability to determine kinetics from a single well of a microtiter plate, making it uniquely suitable for kinetic screening. We present the fundamentals of this approach using a small-molecule model system for experimental validation and comparing kinetic parameters to traditional methods. By varying experimental conditions, we furthermore assess the robustness of this new technique. Finally, we discuss its potential for improving hit quality and shortening cycle times in the areas of fragment screening, low-molecular-weight compound screening, and hit-to-lead optimization.

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Impact of Cycle Time and Payload of an Industrial Robot on Resource Efficiency

Robotics ◽

10.3390/robotics10010033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Florian Stuhlenmiller ◽

Steffi Weyand ◽

Jens Jungblut ◽

Liselotte Schebek ◽

Debora Clever ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Resource Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle Costs ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Cycle Times ◽

The Individual

Modern industry benefits from the automation capabilities and flexibility of robots. Consequently, the performance depends on the individual task, robot and trajectory, while application periods of several years lead to a significant impact of the use phase on the resource efficiency. In this work, simulation models predicting a robot’s energy consumption are extended by an estimation of the reliability, enabling the consideration of maintenance to enhance the assessment of the application’s life cycle costs. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment yields the greenhouse gas emissions for the individual application. Potential benefits of the combination of motion simulation and cost analysis are highlighted by the application to an exemplary system. For the selected application, the consumed energy has a distinct impact on greenhouse gas emissions, while acquisition costs govern life cycle costs. Low cycle times result in reduced costs per workpiece, however, for short cycle times and higher payloads, the probability of required spare parts distinctly increases for two critical robotic joints. Hence, the analysis of energy consumption and reliability, in combination with maintenance, life cycle costing and life cycle assessment, can provide additional information to improve the resource efficiency.

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