The Effects of Gas Switching During Decompression on Decompression Sickness in a Swine Model

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Buttolph ◽  
L. Pendergraph ◽  
J. R. Broome
Keyword(s):  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Swine Model

Perfluorocarbon in Delayed Recompression with a Mixed Gender Swine Model of Decompression Sickness

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Cronin ◽  
Aaron A. Hall ◽  
Charles R. Auker ◽  
Richard T. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Mixed Gender

scholarly journals Natural history of severe decompression sickness after rapid ascent from air saturation in a porcine model

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Dromsky ◽  
Charles B. Toner ◽  
Shalini Survanshi ◽  
Andreas Fahlman ◽  
Erich Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rapid Ascent ◽  
Primary Predictor

We developed a swine model to describe the untreated natural history of severe decompression sickness (DCS) after direct ascent from saturation conditions. In a recompression chamber, neutered male Yorkshire swine were pressurized to a predetermined depth from 50–150 feet of seawater [fsw; 2.52–5.55 atmospheres absolute (ATA)]. After 22 h, they returned to the surface (1 ATA) at 30 fsw/min (0.91 ATA/min) without decompression stops and were observed. Depth was the primary predictor of DCS incidence ( R = 0.52, P < 0.0001) and death ( R = 0.54, P < 0.0001). Severe DCS, defined as neurological or cardiopulmonary impairment, occurred in 78 of 128 animals, and 42 of 51 animals with cardiopulmonary DCS died within 1 h after surfacing. Within 24 h, 29 of 30 survivors with neurological DCS completely resolved their deficits without intervention. Pretrial Monte Carlo analysis decreased subject requirement without sacrificing power. This model provides a useful platform for investigating the pathophysiology of severe DCS and testing therapeutic interventions. The results raise important questions about present models of human responses to similar decompressive insults.

scholarly journals The emulsified perfluorocarbon Oxycyte improves spinal cord injury in a swine model of decompression sickness

Spinal Cord ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Mahon ◽  
C R Auker ◽  
S G Bradley ◽  
A Mendelson ◽  
A A Hall
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Cord Injury

Short oxygen prebreathing and intravenous perfluorocarbon emulsion reduces morbidity and mortality in a swine saturation model of decompression sickness

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Dainer ◽  
John Nelson ◽  
Kathryn Brass ◽  
Elizabeth Montcalm-Smith ◽  
Richard Mahon
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Saturation Model ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Emulsion ◽  
Safety Studies

Disabled submarine (DISSUB) survivors will achieve inert gas tissue saturation within 24 h. Direct ascent to the surface when saturated carries a high risk of decompression sickness (DCS) and death, yet may be necessary during rescue or escape. O2 has demonstrated benefits in decreasing morbidity and mortality resulting from DCS by enhancing inert gas elimination. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) also mitigate the effects of DCS by decreasing bubble formation and increasing O2 delivery. Our hypothesis is that combining O2 prebreathing (OPB) and PFC administration will reduce the incidence of DCS and death following saturation in an established 20-kg swine model. Yorkshire swine (20 ± 6.5 kg) were compressed to 5 atmospheres (ATA) in a dry chamber for 22 h before randomization into one of four groups: 1) air and saline, 2) OPB and saline, 3) OPB with PFC given at depth, 4) OPB with PFC given after surfacing. OPB animals received >90% O2 for 9 min at depth. All animals were returned to the surface (1 ATA) without decompression stops. The incidence of severe DCS < 2 h after surfacing was 96%, 63%, 82%, and 29% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The incidence of death was 88%, 41%, 54%, and 5% for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. OPB combined with PFC administration after surfacing provided the greatest reduction in DCS morbidity and mortality in a saturation swine model. O2-related seizure activity before reaching surface did not negatively affect outcome, but further safety studies are warranted.

The effect of the perfluorocarbon emulsion Oxycyte on platelet count and function in the treatment of decompression sickness in a swine model

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Cronin ◽  
Angela L. Senese ◽  
Francoise G. Arnaud ◽  
David P. Regis ◽  
Charles R. Auker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Emulsion ◽  
And Function

Diving Accident Evacuations by Helicopter and Immersion Pulmonary Edema

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 806-811
Author(s):  
Laëtitia Corgie ◽  
Nicolas Huiban ◽  
Jean-Michel Pontier ◽  
François-Xavier Brocq ◽  
Jean-François Boulard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Emergency Unit ◽  
Diving Accident ◽  
Landing Zone ◽  
Diving Accidents ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Life Threatening

BACKGROUND: Scuba diving activities expose divers to serious accidents, which can require early hospitalization. Helicopters are used for early evacuation. On the French Mediterranean coast, rescue is made offshore mainly by a French Navy Dauphin or at a landing zone by an emergency unit EC 135 helicopter.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed diving accidents evacuated by helicopter on the French Mediterranean coast from 1 September 2014 to 31 August 2016. We gathered data at the Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Diving Expertise (SMHEP) of the Sainte-Anne Military Hospital (Toulon, France), the 35 F squadron at Hyres (France) Naval Air Station, and the SAMU 83 emergency unit (Toulon, France).RESULTS: A total of 23 diving accidents were evacuated offshore by Dauphin helicopter and 23 at a landing zone on the coast by EC 135 helicopter without hoist. Immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) accounted for one-third of the total diving accidents evacuated by helicopter with identified causes. It was responsible for at least half of the deaths at the dive place. A quarter of the rescued IPE victims died because of early cardiac arrest.DISCUSSION: Helicopter evacuation is indicated when vital prognosis (IPE and pulmonary overpressure in particular) or neurological functional prognosis (decompression sickness) is of concern. IPE is the primary etiology in patients with serious dive injuries that are life-threatening and who will benefit from helicopter evacuation. A non-invasive ventilation device with inspiratory support and positive expiratory pressure must be used, in particular for IPE.Corgie L, Huiban N, Pontier J-M, Brocq F-X, Boulard J-F, Monteil M. Diving accident evacuations by helicopter and immersion pulmonary edema. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(10):806811.

Can a single bout of exercise prevent decompression sickness?

2004 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Ulrik Wisløff ◽  
Russell Richardson ◽  
Zeljko Dujic ◽  
Alf Brubakk
Keyword(s):  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Single Bout
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