Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neurofibromatosis Type I: In Vivo Pathophysiology Brain-Behavior Relationships and Reading Disabilities

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Cutting
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Reading Disabilities ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging ◽  
Brain Behavior

scholarly journals Functional Connectivity and Metabolic Alterations in Medial Prefrontal Cortex in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and in vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Tang ◽  
Su Xu ◽  
Jaylyn Waddell ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Rao P. Gullapalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
1H Mrs

Prenatal ethanol exposure alters brain structure, functional connectivity, and behavior in humans and rats. Behavioral changes include deficits in executive function, which requires cooperative activity between the frontal cortices and other brain regions. In this study, we analyzed the functional connectivity and neurochemical levels of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in ethanol-exposed (Eth) and control (Ctr) rats. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol (2.1–6.46% v/v ethanol) from gestational days 6 to 21 (Eth). Ctr animals received an isocaloric, isonutritive liquid diet. In young adulthood, male and female offspring underwent in vivo MRI using a 7.0-Tesla system. 1H-MRS from the PFC and whole brain rsfMRI were obtained on the animals. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed with seeds placed in the PFC, matching the voxel of MRS. Male, but not female, Eth rats showed less functional connectivity between PFC and dorsal striatum than Ctr animals. In Eth males glucose levels were significantly lower, and in Eth females lower levels of phosphorylcholine but an increased gamma-aminobutyric acid/glutamate ratio were observed in the PFC compared with Ctr animals. Prenatal ethanol alters brain metabolism and functional connectivity of the PFC in a sex-dependent manner.

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This review contains 12 figures, 6 tables, and 213 references.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document