Structure of the Phage T4 Tail Fiber Angle

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Fiber Angle ◽  
Phage T4

scholarly journals T4-like Bacteriophages Isolated from Pig Stools Infect Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis Using LPS and OmpF as Receptors

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Mabruka Salem ◽  
Maria I. Pajunen ◽  
Jin Woo Jun ◽  
Mikael Skurnik
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Phage T4 ◽  
One Step ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Salmonella Phage

The Yersinia bacteriophages fPS-2, fPS-65, and fPS-90, isolated from pig stools, have long contractile tails and elongated heads, and they belong to genus Tequatroviruses in the order Caudovirales. The phages exhibited relatively wide host ranges among Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and related species. One-step growth curve experiments revealed that the phages have latent periods of 50–80 min with burst sizes of 44–65 virions per infected cell. The phage genomes consist of circularly permuted dsDNA of 169,060, 167,058, and 167,132 bp in size, respectively, with a G + C content 35.3%. The number of predicted genes range from 267 to 271. The phage genomes are 84–92% identical to each other and ca 85% identical to phage T4. The phage receptors were identified by whole genome sequencing of spontaneous phage-resistant mutants. The phage-resistant strains had mutations in the ompF, galU, hldD, or hldE genes. OmpF is a porin, and the other genes encode lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthetic enzymes. The ompF, galU, and hldE mutants were successfully complemented in trans with respective wild-type genes. The host recognition was assigned to long tail fiber tip protein Gp38, analogous to that of T-even phages such as Salmonella phage S16, specifically to the distal β-helices connecting loops.

scholarly journals REGION-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION IN PHAGE T4. II. STRUCTURE OF THE RECOMBINANTS

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-547
Author(s):  
Jack N Levy ◽  
Edward B Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Recombination Mechanism ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Phage T4

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present results of crosses designed to elucidate the structure of recombinants in the tail-fiber region of bacteriophage T4, in which a glucosylation-dependent recombination mechanism is operative, and the cause of this "special" recombination in glucosylated crosses is discussed. We present evidence that, when phage are nonglucosylated, recombination in the tail-fiber region proceeds via long heteroduplex overlaps. Mismatched bases within such regions (in nonglucosylated phage) are repaired efficiently (as contrasted to those of glucosylated phage), bnt asymmetrically; that is, there may not be an equal probability of resolving the mismatch to mutant or wild type.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Distal Tail Fiber Locus and Determination of the Receptor for Phage AR1, Which Specifically InfectsEscherichia coli O157:H7

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (21) ◽  
pp. 5962-5968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Liang Yu ◽  
Kai-Liang Ko ◽  
Chang-Shi Chen ◽  
Yu-Chung Chang ◽  
Wan-Jr Syu
Keyword(s):  
Tail Fiber ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Phage T4 ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Outer Membrane Porin ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACT Phage AR1 is similar to phage T4 in several essential genes but differs in host range. AR1 infects various isolates ofEscherichia coli O157:H7 but does not infect K-12 strains that are commonly infected by T4. We report here the determinants that confer this infection specificity. In T-even phages, gp37 and gp38 are components of the tail fiber that are critical for phage-host interaction. The counterparts in AR1 may be similarly important and, therefore, were characterized. The AR1 gp37 has a sequence that differs totally from those of T2 and T4, except for a short stretch at the N terminus. The gp38 sequence, however, has some conservation between AR1 and T2 but not between AR1 and T4. The sequences that are most closely related to the AR1 gp37 and gp38 are those of phage Ac3 in the T2 family. To identify the AR1-specific receptor, E. coliO157:H7 was mutated by Tn10 insertion and selected for an AR1-resistant phenotype. A mutant so obtained has an insertion occurring at ompC that encodes an outer membrane porin. To confirm the role of OmpC in the AR1 infection, homologous replacement was used to create an ompC disruption mutant (RM). When RM was complemented with OmpC originated from an O157:H7 strain, but not from K-12, its AR1 susceptibility was fully restored. Our results suggest that the host specificity of AR1 is mediated at least in part through the OmpC molecule.

scholarly journals Specific and rapid reverse assaying protocol for detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on dual molecular recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong He ◽  
Hang Zhao ◽  
Yuanwen Liu ◽  
He Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tail Fiber ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Magainin Ii

AbstractThe worldwide emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is accelerated by irrational administration and use of empiric antibiotics. A key point to the crisis is a lack of rapid diagnostic protocols for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), which is crucial for a timely and rational antibiotic prescription. Here, a recombinant bacteriophage tail fiber protein (TFP) was functionalized on magnetic particles to specifically capture Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled-magainin II was utilized as the indicator. For solving the magnetic particles’ blocking effects, a reverse assaying protocol based on TFP recognition was developed to investigate the feasibility of detection and AST of P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa can be rapidly, sensitively and specifically detected within 1.5 h with a linear range of 1.0 × 102 to 1.0 × 106 colony forming units (CFU)⋅mL−1 and a detection limit of 3.3 × 10 CFU⋅mL−1. Subsequently, AST results, which were consistent with broth dilution results, can be obtained within 3.5 h. Due to the high specificity of the TFP, AST can actually be conducted without the need for bacterial isolation and identification. Based on the proof-of-principle work, the detection and AST of other pathogens can be extended by expressing the TFPs of their bacteriophages.

scholarly journals An Optimum Fatigue Design of Polymer Composite Compressed Natural Gas Tank Using Hybrid Finite Element-Response Surface Methods

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Mostafa Omidi Bidgoli ◽  
Michal Petrů ◽  
Alireza Amiri Asfarjani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Composite Shell ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Fiber Angle ◽  
Composite Tank

The main purpose of this research is to design a high-fatigue performance hoop wrapped compressed natural gas (CNG) composite cylinder. To this end, an optimization algorithm was presented as a combination of finite element simulation (FES) and response surface analysis (RSA). The geometrical model was prepared as a variable wall-thickness following the experimental measurements. Next, transient dynamic analysis was performed subjected to the refueling process, including the minimum and maximum internal pressures of 20 and 200 bar, respectively. The time histories of stress tensor components were extracted in the critical region. Furthermore, RSA was utilized to investigate the interaction effects of various polymer composite shell manufacturing process parameters (thickness and fiber angle) on the fatigue life of polymer composite CNG pressure tank (type-4). In the optimization procedure, four parameters including wall-thickness of the composite shell in three different sections of the CNG tank and fiber angle were considered as input variables. In addition, the maximum principal stress of the component was considered as the objective function. Eventually, the fatigue life of the polymer composite tank was calculated using stress-based failure criterion. The results indicated that the proposed new design (applying optimal parameters) leads to improve the fatigue life of the polymer composite tank with polyethylene liner about 2.4 times in comparison with the initial design.

scholarly journals Multiple initiation mechanisms adapt phage T4 DNA replication to physiological changes during T4's development

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Mosig ◽  
Nancy Colowick ◽  
Michael E. Gruidl ◽  
Ardith Chang ◽  
Alex J. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Phage T4

Transformation of phage T4 by small denatured DNA fragments

Virology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Zweerink ◽  
Edward B. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Phage T4
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