Military Operational Measures of Effectiveness for Peacekeeping Operations

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness

Truck Weight Enforcement Measures of Effectiveness: Development and Software Application

1998 ◽  
Vol 1643 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Hanscom ◽  
M. W. Goelzer
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Enforcement Effort ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness ◽  
Truck Weight ◽  
Enforcement Activity

A software tool was developed to determine what is accomplished as the result of truck weight enforcement efforts. Traditionally applied measures (e.g., numbers of trucks weighed and citations issued) have simply provided indications of enforcement effort. These previously applied measures failed to provide results in terms of real enforcement objectives, such as deterring overweight trucks and minimizing pavement wear and tear. Consequently the need exists to develop and validate truck weight enforcement measures of effectiveness (MOE). MOEs were developed via a series of analytical procedures. They were subsequently validated in a comprehensive four-state field evaluation. Matched (weigh-in-motion) (WIM) data sets, collected under controlled baseline and enforcement conditions, were analyzed to determine the sensitivity of candidate MOEs to actual enforcement activity. Data collection conditions were controlled in order to avoid contamination from hour-of-day, day-of-week, and seasonal effects. The following MOEs, were validated on the basis of their demonstrated sensitivity to truck weight enforcement objectives and the presence of enforcement activity: (1) severity of overweight violations, (2) proportion of overweight trucks, (3) average equivalent single-axle load (ESAL), (4) excess ESALs, and (5) bridge formula violations. These measures are sensitive to legal load-limit compliance objectives of truck weight enforcement procedures as well as the potential for overweight trucks to produce pavement deterioration. The software User Guide that statistically compares calculated MOEs between observed enforcement conditions is described in this paper. The User Guide also allows users to conduct an automated pavement design life analysis estimating, the theoretical pavement-life effect resulting from the observed enforcement activity.

Book Review: UN Peacekeeping Operations in Somalia, 1992-1995: The Pakistani Perspective by Tughral Yamin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Hanif Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
International Peace ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping

Book Review: UN Peacekeeping Operations in Somalia, 1992-1995: The Pakistani Perspective by Tughral Yamin NUST Journal of International Peace & Stability 2019, Vol. II (2) Author : Farhan Hanif Siddiqui

UN Peacekeeping Operations and Successful Military Diplomacy: A Case Study of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakare Najimdeen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
Military Diplomacy

Few years following its creation, the United Nations (UN) with the blessing of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) decided to establish the UN Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO), as a multilateral mechanism geared at fulfilling the Chapter VII of the UN Charter which empowered the Security Council to enforce measurement to maintain or restore international peace and security. Since its creation, the multilateral mechanism has recorded several successes and failures to its credit. While it is essentially not like traditional diplomacy, peacekeeping operations have evolved over the years and have emerged as a new form of diplomacy. Besides, theoretically underscoring the differences between diplomacy and foreign policy, which often appear as conflated, the paper demonstrates how diplomacy is an expression of foreign policy. Meanwhile, putting in context the change and transformation in global politics, particularly global conflict, the paper argues that traditional diplomacy has ceased to be the preoccupation and exclusive business of the foreign ministry and career diplomats, it now involves foot soldiers who are not necessarily diplomats but act as diplomats in terms of peacekeeping, negotiating between warring parties, carrying their countries’ emblems and representing the latter in resolving global conflict, and increasingly becoming the representation of their countries’ foreign policy objective, hence peacekeeping military diplomacy. The paper uses decades of Pakistan’s peacekeeping missions as a reference point to establish how a nation’s peacekeeping efforts represent and qualifies as military diplomacy. It also presented the lessons and good practices Pakistan can sell to the rest of the world vis-à-vis peacekeeping and lastly how well Pakistan can consolidate its peacekeeping diplomacy.

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