Marrying Commercial-off-the-shelf and Government-off-the-shelf Equipment for Tracking Chemical Releases

ABSTRACT Introduction Open-globe ocular injuries have increased in frequency in recent combat operations due to increased use of explosive weaponry. Unfortunately, open-globe injuries have one of the worst visual outcomes for the injured warfighter, often resulting in permanent loss of vision. To improve visual recovery, injuries need to be stabilized quickly following trauma, in order to restore intraocular pressure and create a watertight seal. Here, we assess four off-the-shelf (OTS), commercially available tissue adhesives for their ability to seal military-relevant corneal perforation injuries (CPIs). Materials and Methods Adhesives were assessed using an anterior segment inflation platform and a previously developed high-speed benchtop corneal puncture model, to create injuries in porcine eyes. After injury, adhesives were applied and injury stabilization was assessed by measuring outflow rate, ocular compliance, and burst pressure, followed by histological analysis. Results Tegaderm dressings and Dermabond skin adhesive most successfully sealed injuries in preliminary testing. Across a range of injury sizes and shapes, Tegaderm performed well in smaller injury sizes, less than 2 mm in diameter, but inadequately sealed large or complex injuries. Dermabond created a watertight seal capable of maintaining ocular tissue at physiological intraocular pressure for almost all injury shapes and sizes. However, application of the adhesive was inconsistent. Histologically, after removal of the Dermabond skin adhesive, the corneal epithelium was removed and oftentimes the epithelium surface penetrated into the wound and was adhered to inner stromal tissue. Conclusions Dermabond can stabilize a wide range of CPIs; however, application is variable, which may adversely impact the corneal tissue. Without addressing these limitations, no OTS adhesive tested herein can be directly translated to CPIs. This highlights the need for development of a biomaterial product to stabilize these injuries without causing ocular damage upon removal, thus improving the poor vision prognosis for the injured warfighter.

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Distributed Energy-Resource Design Method to Improve Energy Security in Critical Facilities

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14102773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2773

Author(s):

Petros Siritoglou ◽

Giovanna Oriti ◽

Douglas L. Van Bossuyt

Keyword(s):

Energy Security ◽

Design Method ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Distributed Energy ◽

Distributed Energy Resource ◽

Critical Facilities ◽

Commercial Off The Shelf ◽

User Friendly

This paper presents a user-friendly design method for accurately sizing the distributed energy resources of a stand-alone microgrid to meet the critical load demands of a military, commercial, industrial, or residential facility when utility power is not available. The microgrid combines renewable resources such as photovoltaics (PV) with an energy-storage system to increase energy security for facilities with critical loads. The design method’s novelty complies with IEEE Standards 1562 and 1013, and addresses resilience, which is not taken into account in existing design methods. Several case studies simulated with a physics-based model validate the proposed design method and demonstrate how resilience can be included in the design process. Additionally, the design and the simulations were validated by 24 h laboratory experiments conducted on a microgrid assembled using commercial off-the-shelf components.

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Radiation testing of low cost, commercial off the shelf microcontroller board

Nuclear Engineering and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.net.2021.05.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomas Fried ◽

Antonio Di Buono ◽

David Cheneler ◽

Neil Cockbain ◽

Jonathan M. Dodds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Radiation Testing ◽

Commercial Off The Shelf

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Sampling primary power standard from DC up to 9 kHz using commercial off-the-shelf components

2020 3rd International Colloquium on Intelligent Grid Metrology (SMAGRIMET) ◽

10.23919/smagrimet48809.2020.9264003 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Mester

Keyword(s):

Primary Power ◽

Commercial Off The Shelf ◽

Power Standard

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Development of PZT fiber rosette to locate acoustic source

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x21991926 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1045389X2199192

Author(s):

Bao Chi Ha ◽

Kevin Gilbert ◽

Gang Wang

Keyword(s):

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Lamb Wave ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

Acoustic Source ◽

Mechanical Coupling ◽

Monitoring Applications ◽

Commercial Off The Shelf ◽

Lamb Wave Propagation ◽

Strain Direction

Because of their electro-mechanical coupling property, Lead-Zirconate-Titanate (PZT) materials have been widely used for ultrasonic wave sensing and actuation in structural health monitoring applications. In this paper, a PZT rosette concept is proposed to conduct Lamb wave-based damage detection in panel-like structures by exploring its best directional sensing capability. First, a directivity study was conducted to investigate sensing of flexural Lamb wave propagation using a PZT fiber having d33 effects. Then, commercial off-the-shelf PZT fibers were polarized in-house in order to construct the PZT rosette configuration, in which three PZT fibers are oriented at 0°, 45°, 90°, respectively. Since Lamb wave responses are directly related to measured PZT fiber voltage signals, a simple interrogation scheme was developed to calculate principal strain direction in order to locate an acoustic source. Comprehensive tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed PZT rosette using an aluminum plate. It is shown that the PZT rosette is able to sense Lamb wave responses and accurately locate an acoustic source. We expect to further evaluate the PZT rosette performance when damages are introduced.

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