China's Military Modernization: To What Extent Can the People's Liberation Army Fight at the Operational Level of War?

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Bordwell ◽  
Jr
Keyword(s):  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Military Modernization ◽  
People’S Liberation Army

scholarly journals Military Modernization and Peaceful Rising: A Harmonious Transition of the PLA into the Future

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Li
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
Military Modernization ◽  
The Future ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Chinese Military

This article seeks to elucidate the recent changes to the Chinese military by examining the new characteristics of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and its newly adopted approaches for modernization between 2003 and 2008. It includes diachronic discussions to explore various social and political factors for the changes, domestic and international constraints on the implementation of military modernization, and the outcomes of these endeavors. The main findings indicate that the Chinese military has changed its main feature as two important transitions have emerged: first, the PLA has been transformed from a manpower intensive army to a technology oriented force; and second, from a national security army to an internationally operated force. Consequently, the high command begins to consider the PLA as a part of the global military cooperation.

Long-term outcomes of Boston keratoprosthesis type I: the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital experience

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315617
Author(s):  
Li-Qiang Wang ◽  
Teng-Yun Wu ◽  
Xiao-Niao Chen ◽  
Ze-Quan Xu ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Type I ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Boston Keratoprosthesis ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
People’S Liberation Army

PurposeTo report the long-term outcomes of Boston keratoprosthesis type I (B-KPro type I) implantation in the management of severe ocular surface disorders.MethodsRetrospective case series. Patients who underwent B-KPro type I implantation at the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital were enrolled between March 2011 and September 2019. Data regarding visual acuity (VA), B-KPro type I retention and postoperative complications were recorded and analysed.ResultsA total of 103 eyes of 100 patients who underwent B-KPro type I implantation were included. The main indications were chemical burn (59.2%), ocular trauma (25.2%), herpetic keratitis (11.7%) and autoimmune diseases (3.9%). The percentage of eyes with postoperative VA of 10/200 or better was 82.7% at 6 months, 82.8% at 12 months, 77.9% at 2 years, 72.4% at 3 years, 71.1% at 4 years, 69.4% at 5 years, 58.9% at 6 years, 56.8% at 7 years and 42.9% at 8 years. Preoperatively, 8.7% eyes were diagnosed with new-onset glaucoma. Retroprosthetic membrane formation occurred in 19.4% eye. Corneal melting occurred in 18.4% eyes. Sterile vitritis was diagnosed in 4.9% eyes and infectious endophthalmitis in 2.9% eyes. Retinal detachment occurred in 0.9% eyes.ConclusionsIn a Chinese patient group, B-KPro type I is a viable option for treating severe ocular surface disorders in eyes where conventional keratoplasty would have a poor prognosis, especially in patients with chemical and thermal burns. Improved visual outcomes and high retention rate can be achieved and maintained in most cases.

Child Combatants of the Maoist People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in Nepal: A Human Rights Perspective, 1996–2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Meher
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
The Poor ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Human Rights Violation ◽  
Major Target

The study analyzes involvement of children in the decade-long Maoist armed conflict in Nepal, an issue of grave human rights violations. An armed conflict affects all sections of the society irrespective of caste, class, gender, region, and religion. However, children have been one of the most vulnerable groups in the Maoist conflict in Nepal. The decade-long Maoist conflict in Nepal has various implications on children such as disruption of education, separation from families, killing and maiming, illegal detention, disability resulting from the conflict, etc. Thus, there has been gross human rights violation of children during the conflict. But one of the worst forms of implications of the Maoist conflict has been the recruitment of children as combatants by the Maoist Army, otherwise known as the People’s Liberation Army, formed in 2001, in their fight against the state forces, which is the focus of this study. The article explores how the poor disadvantaged children have been the major target of recruitment by the Maoist. It discusses the role played by the child recruits during the conflict. Besides, it examines the role played particularly by the United Nations as well as the Nepali civil societies in the protection, rehabilitation, and reintegration of children into the civil society.

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