High Temperature Hot Water Distribution System Study, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Drum, New York; Executive Summary.

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMC ENGINEERS INC ROSWELL GA
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Public Works ◽  
System Study ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Fort Drum

scholarly journals Hot Water Distribution System Program Documentation and Comparison to Experimental Data

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Baskin ◽  
William G Craddick ◽  
Roberto Lenarduzzi ◽  
Robert L Wendt ◽  
Professor Keith A. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Program

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF WATER SPEED INFLUENCE IN HOT-WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ON THE AMOUNT OF HEAT LOSS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Peter Kapalo ◽  
◽  
Khrystyna Kozak ◽  
Khrystyna Myroniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Hot Water Supply System

One of the main tasks around the world is to reduce energy consumption with constant consumer comfort. The hot water supply system uses a significant part of thermal energy and requires no less attention than the heating or ventilation system. The amount of heat loss from hot water distribution systems is of great importance for the energy consumption of buildings. In winter, part of this heat is used for space heating, in summer they are unused and is considered as lost heat. For this reason, this paper considers the influence of water velocity in the pipe, pipe size, and water temperature on the total heat losses in the insulated hot-water distribution system. The data are presented in tabular and graphical form. A graph of the dependence of the amount of heat loss on the temperature and velocity of hot water is obtained.

Safety and Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide for Legionella Control in a Hospital Water System

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Carole McCann ◽  
Janet E. Stout ◽  
Steve Piesczynski ◽  
Robert Hawks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Hospital Acquired

In a 30-month prospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of chlorine dioxide to control Legionella organisms in a water distribution system of a hospital with 364 patient beds and 74 skilled nursing beds. The number of hot water specimens positive for Legionella organisms decreased from 12 (60%) of 20 to 2 (10%) of 20. An extended time (18 months) was needed to achieve a significant reduction in the rate of Legionella positivity among hot water specimens. At the time of writing, no cases of hospital-acquired Legionnaires disease have been detected at the hospital since the chlorine dioxide system was installed in January 2003. Use of chlorine dioxide was safe, based on Environmental Protection Agency limits regarding maximum concentrations of chlorine dioxide and chlorite.

Energy Analysis of Hot Water Distribution System - Interrupted Operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 1062-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kapalo ◽  
Ladislav Böszörmenyi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Actual Increase

At an actual increase energy price it is has impact cut-down energy requirement for preparation and distribution of hot water (HW). In the paper are presented results of exploration, where been evaluation effect interrupted operations distribution systems HW flat building. From presented analyses result - relative more savings heat is for long interrupted distribution systems and for little the number of flat in building.

Risk- and robustness-based solutions to a multi-objective water distribution system rehabilitation problem under uncertainty

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kapelan ◽  
D.A. Savic ◽  
G.A. Walters ◽  
A.V. Babayan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Fitness Evaluation ◽  
Multi Objective

The water distribution system (WDS) rehabilitation problem is defined here as a multi-objective optimisation problem under uncertainty. Two alternative problem formulations are considered. The first objective in both approaches is to minimise the total rehabilitation cost. The second objective is to either maximise the overall WDS robustness or to minimise the total WDS risk. The WDS robustness is defined as the probability of simultaneously satisfying minimum pressure head constraints at all nodes in the network. Total risk is defined as the sum of nodal risks, where nodal risk is defined as the product of the probability of pressure failure at that node and consequence of such failure. Decision variables are the alternative rehabilitation options for each pipe in the network. The only source of uncertainty is the future water consumption. Uncertain demands are modelled using any probability density functions (PDFs) assigned in the problem formulation phase. The corresponding PDFs of the analysed nodal heads are calculated using the Latin Hypercube sampling technique. The optimal rehabilitation problem is solved using the newly developed rNSGAII method which is a modification of the well-known NSGAII optimisation algorithm. In rNSGAII a small number of demand samples are used for each fitness evaluation leading to significant computational savings when compared to the full sampling approach. The two alternative approaches are tested, verified and their performance compared on the New York tunnels case study. The results obtained demonstrate that both new methodologies are capable of identifying the robust (near) Pareto optimal fronts while making significant computational savings.

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