Proceedings of the Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials-Intermag Conference (6th) Held in Albuquerque, New Mexico on 20-23 June 1994. Journal of Applied Physics. Volume 76. Number 10. Part 2

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yelon ◽  
W-Y. Ching ◽  
Y. Idzerda ◽  
F. E. Pinkerton
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Applied Physics

scholarly journals Effect of substituted concentration on structure and magnetic properties of Y3Fe5-xInxO12

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phuc Duong ◽  
Vu Thi Hoai Huong ◽  
Dao Thi Thuy Nguyet
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Curie Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Yttrium Iron ◽  
Iron Garnets ◽  
Iron Garnet ◽  
Yttrium Iron Garnets

Abstract: This study examines the effect of substituted concentration on the structure and magnetic properties of Y3Fe5-xInxO12 (x = 0.1 ÷ 0.7) powder samples prepared using the sol-gel method. The morphological properties of the samples were analysed using XRD, SEM. The single phase of garnet was obtained in x = 0.1 ÷ 0.6 samples. The lattice parameters of the samples exhibit a linear increase with the increasing In3+ content, which can be explained by a substitution of In3+ ions for Fe3+ ions, considering the larger ionic radius of In3+ compared with that of Fe3+. Crystallite sizes were determined via the XRD data which are of 38 – 49 nm while the particle sizes were estimated from SEM images to be in range of 50 - 100 nm. Magnetization and Curie temperature of the single phase samples were studied by magnetization curves in fields up to 10 kOe and in the temperature range from 80 K to 560K. With the increase of In3+, the magnetization gradually increases while the Curie temperature decreases due to the occupation of In atoms at the a sites and the reduction of intersublattice interaction, respectively. Keywords: Yttrium iron garnet, Indium substitution, cation distribution, magnetization, Curie temperature. References[1] R. L. Streever, Anisotropic exchange in ErIG, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 278 (1-2) (2014) 223-230.[2] N.I. Tsidaeva, The magnetic and magnetooptical properties of Y-substituted erbium iron garnet single crystals, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 374 (1-2) (2004) 160-164.[3] Y.Nakata, T. Okada, M. Maeda, S. Higuchi and K. Ueda, Effect of oxidation dynamics on the film characteristics of Ce:YIG thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition, Optics and Lasers in Engineering 44 (2) 2006, 147-154.[4] M. Laulajainen, P. Paturi, J. Raittila, H. Huhtinen, A.B. Abrahamsen, N.H. Andersen and R. Laiho, BixY3-xFe5O12 thin film prepared by laser ablation for magneto-optical imaging of superconducting thin films, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 279 (2-3) (2004) 218-223.[5] A.A. Lagutin, G.E. Fedorov, J. Vanacken and D. Herlach, Magnetic properties of dysprosium Yttrium ferrite garnet in pulsed magnetic fields at low temperatures, Journal of Magnetism and Mmagnetic Materials 195 (1999) 97-106.[6] S.A. Nikotov, Nonlinearity: Magneto-optic microwave interactions. Towards new devices, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (196-197) (1999) 400-403.[7] C.S. Tsai, Wideband tunable microwave devices using, European Ceramic Society 23 (14) (2003) 2721-2726.[8] A. Sztaniszlav, M. Farkas-Jahnke, M. Balla, Kinetics of garnet formation in In3+ substituted systems, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 215-216 (2000) 188-193.[9] R.G. Vidhate, V.D. Murumkas, R.G. Dorik, N.M. Makne, S.R. Nimbore, K.M. Jadhav, Magnetic properties of In Substituted ytrium iron garnet (YIG), Rev. Res. 1(10) (2012) 1-4.[10] G. Cuijing, Z. Wei, J. Rongjin, Z. Yanwei, Effect of In3+ substitution on the structure and magnetic properties of multi-doped YIG ferrites with low saturation magnetizations, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 323, (2011) 611-615.[11] Vu Thi Hoai Huong, Dao Thi Thuy Nguyet, To Thanh Loan, Luong Ngoc Anh, Nguyen Phuc Duong, Than Duc Hien, Structural and magnetic properties of Y3-2xCa2xFe5-xVxO12 nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method, Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology (2016) 219-223.[12] Imaddin A. Al-Omari, Ralph Skomski, David J. Sellmyer, Magnetic properties of Y3-2xCa2xFe5-xVxO12 garnets, Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2 (2012) 116-120.[13] Rodziah Nazlan, Mansorhashim, Idza Riati Ibrahim, Fadzidah Mohd Idris, Wan Norailiana Wan Ab Rahman, Nor Hapishah Abdullah, Ismayadi Ismail, Saikannu Kanagesan, Zulkifly Abbas, Rabaah Syahidah Azis, Influence of Indium substitution and microstructure changes on the magnetic properties evolution of Y3Fe5-xInxO12 (x = 0.0 – 0.4), Journal of Material Science: Materials in Electronics 26, 6 (2015) 3596-3609.[14] M. Niyaifar, A. Beitollahi, N. Shiri, M. Mozaffari, J. Amighian, Effect of indium addition on the structure and magnetic properties of YIG, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 322 (2010) 777 – 779.[15] J. Richard Cunningham Jr and Elmer E. Anderson, Effect of indium substitution in Yttrium iron garnet. High permeability garnets, Journal of Applied Physics 32, (1961) S388.[16] L. Vegard Dr. Phil, LV. Results of crystal analysis. –III, Philosophical magazine Series 6, 32: 191, 505 – 518.[17] Ronald W. Armstrong, Crystal dislocations, Crystals 6, 1 (2016) 9.[18] Gerald F. Dionne, Molecular field coefficients of substituted yttrium iron garnets, Journal of Applied Physics. 41 (1970) 4874.[19] M.A. Gilleo, Ferromagnetic insulators: Garnets, in: E.P. Wohlfarth (Ed.), Handbook of Magnetic Materials, Volume 2, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1980, 1-54.[20] Z. Azadi Motlagh, M. Mozaffari, J. Smighian, Preparation of nano-sized Al-substituted yttrium iron garnets by the mechanochemical method and investigation of their magnetic properties, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 321 (2009) 1980-1984.[21] P. Belov and I.S. Lyubutin, Effective magnetic fields at tin nuclei in substituted iron garnets CaxY3-x SnxFe5-x O12, Soviet Physics JETP 22 (3) (1966) 518 – 520.

scholarly journals Рентгенодифракционное исследование тонких металлических пленок с магнитными слоями сплава Fe-Cr-Co

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav S. Zayonchkovskiy ◽  
Irina A. Antoshina ◽  
Kyaw Kyaw Aung ◽  
Evgenij I. Isaev ◽  
Igor’ M. Milyaev
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Japanese Journal ◽  
High Coercivity ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Plasma Sintering

Цель статьи – определение фазового состава структур пленочных постоянных магнитов со слоями сплава Fe-Cr-Co микронного диапазона толщин, называемого сплавом Kaneko. Знание фазового состава необходимо для разработки физико-технологических подходов создания оптимальных структур на подложках монокристаллического кремния с пленочным постоянным магнитом на основе дисперсионно-твердеющего сплава с вектором намагниченности в плоскости кремниевой подложки.Методом магнетронного напыления на кремниевой подложке были  получены трехслойные металлические пленки: слой дисперсионно-твердеющего сплава на основе системы Fe-Cr-Co (толщиной 3600 нм), компенсационный медный слой (3800 нм) и ванадиевый адгезионно-барьерный слой (110 нм). Сформированные на кремниевой подложке многослойные пленки подвергались одноминутному отжигу в высоком вакууме в диапазоне температур 600–650 °С. Методом рентгеновской дифракции выполнен качественный фазовый анализ структур, полученныхмагнетронным напылением и подвергнутых одноступенчатой термической обработке.Определено, что в слое дисперсионно-твердеющего сплава на основе системы Fe-Cr-Co, полученного магнетронным напылением, не образуются окислы основных компонентов и s-фаза, как в процессе получения, так и после высоковакуумного «быстрого» одноминутного отжига в диапазоне температур 600–650 °С. При температуре отжига 630 °С наблюдается максимальная интенсивность рентгеновской линии (110) a-фазы, что свидетельствует о формировании преимущественно a-твердого раствора и является предпосылкой для корректного проведения последующих ступеней отжига для спинодального распада этой фазы.         ЛИТЕРАТУРА Kaneko H., Homma M., Nakamura K. New ductile permanent magnet of Fe-Cr-Co system. AJP Conference Proceedings. 1972;5: 1088–1092. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2953814 Tsung-Shune Chin, Kou-Her Wang, Cheng-Hsiung Lin. High coercivity Fe-Cr-Co thin fi lms by vacuum evaporation. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 1991;30(8): 1652–1695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.30.1692 Chang H. C., Chang Y. H., Yao S. Y. The magnetic properties and microstructures of Fe-Cr-Co thin fi lms obtained by ion beam sputtering. Materials Science and Engineering B. 1996; 39(2): 87–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(95)01428-4 Masahiro Kitada, Yoshihisa Kamo, Hideo Tanabe. Magnetoresistive thin-fi lm sensor with permanent magnet biasing film. Journal of Applied Physics. 1985;58(4): 1667–1670. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.336058 Rastabi R. A., Ghasemi A., Tavoosi M., Ramazani M. Magnetic features of Fe-Cr-Co alloys with tailoring chromium content fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Magnetic Materials. 2017;426(15): 742–752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.10.132 Zubair Ahmad, Zhongwu Liu, A. ul Haq. Synthesis, magnetic and microstructural properties  of Alnico magnets with additives. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2017;428: 125–131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.12.023 Jin Y., Zhang W., Kharel P. R., Valloppilly S. R., Skomski R., Sellmyer D. J. Effect of boron doping on nanostructure and magnetism of rapidly quenched Zr2Co11-based alloys. AIP Adv. 2016;6(5): 056002. DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4942556 Lin Zhang, Zhaolong Xiang, Xiaodi Li, Engang Wang. Spinodal decomposition in Fe-25Cr-12Co alloys under the infl uence of high magnetic fi eld and the effect of grain boundary. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2018;8(8): 578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8080578 Zayonchkovskiy V., Kyaw A. K., Milyaev, I., Perov N., Prokhorov I., Klimov A., Andreev A. (2019). Thin metal fi lms with dispersion-hardening magnetic layers of Fe–Cr–Co alloy. Kondensirovannye Sredyi Mezhfaznye Granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases. 2019;21(4): 505–518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/2362 Миркин Л. И. Справочник по рентгеноструктурному анализу поликристаллов. М.: Физматгиз; 1961. 863 с. Сайт компании NanoFocus. Режим доступа: https://m.nanofocus.de/en/ Сайт компании ООО “ГЕО-НДТ”. Режим доступа: https://www.geo-ndt.ru/pribor-6855-rentgenoflyorescentnii-analizator-metekspert.htm Справочник по цветным металлам. Режим доступа: https://libmetal.ru/index.htm Сайт «Всё о металлургии». Режим доступа:  http://metal-archive.ru/vanadiy/955-mehanicheskiesvoystva-vanadiya.html Громов Д. Г. Мочалов А. И., Сулимин А. Д., Шевяков В. И. Металлизация ультрабольших интегральных схем. М.: БИНОМ; 2012. 277 с. Лякишев Н. П., Банных О. А., Рохлин Л. Л. Диаграммы состояния двойных металлических систем: Справочник в трех томах. М.: Машиностроение; 1997. 872 c. Кекало И. Б., Самарин Б. А. Физическое металловедение прецизионных сплавов. Сплавы с особыми магнитными свойствами. M.: Металлургия; 1989. 496 с. ГОСТ 24897-81. Материалы магнитотвердые деформируемые. Solid magnetic deformed materials. Marks. М.: Издательство стандартов; 1981. 21 с. Bragg W. L. The diffraction of short electromagnetic waves by a crystal. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 17, 43–57 (1913). Communicated by Professor Sir J. J. Thomson. Read 11 November 1912. In: X-ray and Neutron Diffraction. Elsevier; 1966. p. 19–125. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-011999-1.50015-8 Кремний. Физическая энциклопедия. Гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. М.: Советская энциклопедия; 1990. 704 с. Vompe T. N., D’yakonova N., Milyaev I., Prutskov M. Kinetics of s-phase formation in a strain aging hard magnetic Fe-33% Cr-12% Co-2% Cu alloy. Russian Metallurgy (Metally). 2012;(1): 55–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s0036029512010168 Генералова К. Н., Ряпосов И. В., Шацов А. А. Порошковые сплавы системы Fe-Cr-Co, термообработанные в области «гребня». Письма о материалах. 2017;7(2): 133–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22226/2410-3535-2017-2-133-136 Медь. Физическая энциклопедия. М.: Советская энциклопедия; 1992. 672. International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD).Режим доступа: www.icdd.com Козвонин В. А., Шацов А. А., Ряпосов И. В. Поликомпонентные концентрационнонеоднородные сплавы системы Fe–Cr–Co–Si–B повышенной плотности. Вестник ПНИПУ. Машиностроение материаловедение. 2016;18(4): 188–202. DOI: https://doi.10.15595/2224-9877/2016.4.14

Electrostatic optics and aberration correction in the 1940s and today

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Gertrude F. Rempfer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
Electrostatic Lenses ◽  
Commercial Instrument ◽  
The University ◽  
Theory And Experiment

I became involved in electron optics in early 1945, when my husband Robert and I were hired by the Farrand Optical Company. My husband had a mathematics Ph.D.; my degree was in physics. My main responsibilities were connected with the development of an electrostatic electron microscope. Fortunately, my thesis research on thermionic and field emission, in the late 1930s under the direction of Professor Joseph E. Henderson at the University of Washington, provided a foundation for dealing with electron beams, high vacuum, and high voltage.At the Farrand Company my co-workers and I used an electron-optical bench to carry out an extensive series of tests on three-electrode electrostatic lenses, as a function of geometrical and voltage parameters. Our studies enabled us to select optimum designs for the lenses in the electron microscope. We early on discovered that, in general, electron lenses are not “thin” lenses, and that aberrations of focal point and aberrations of focal length are not the same. I found electron optics to be an intriguing blend of theory and experiment. A laboratory version of the electron microscope was built and tested, and a report was given at the December 1947 EMSA meeting. The micrograph in fig. 1 is one of several which were presented at the meeting. This micrograph also appeared on the cover of the January 1949 issue of Journal of Applied Physics. These were exciting times in electron microscopy; it seemed that almost everything that happened was new. Our opportunities to publish were limited to patents because Mr. Farrand envisaged a commercial instrument. Regrettably, a commercial version of our laboratory microscope was not produced.

Guns, Alcohol, and Intimate Partner Violence: The Epidemiology of Female Suicide in New Mexico

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora Olson ◽  
Frank Huyler ◽  
Arthur W Lynch ◽  
Lynne Fullerton ◽  
Deborah Werenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Suicide is among the leading causes of death in the United States, and in women the second leading cause of injury death overall. Previous studies have suggested links between intimate partner violence and suicide in women. We examined female suicide deaths to identify and describe associated risk factors. We reviewed all reports from the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator for female suicide deaths occurring in New Mexico from 1990 to 1994. Information abstracted included demographics, mechanism of death, presence of alcohol/drugs, clinical depression, intimate partner violence, health problems, and other variables. Annual rates were calculated based on the 1990 census. The New Mexico female suicide death rate was 8.2/100,000 persons per year (n = 313), nearly twice the U. S. rate of 4.5/100,000. Non-Hispanic whites were overrepresented compared to Hispanics and American Indians. Decedents ranged in age from 14 to 93 years (median = 43 years). Firearms accounted for 45.7% of the suicide deaths, followed by ingested poisons (29.1%), hanging (10.5%), other (7.7%), and inhaled poisons (7.0%). Intimate partner violence was documented in 5.1% of female suicide deaths; in an additional 22.1% of cases, a male intimate partner fought with or separated from the decedent immediately preceding the suicide. Nearly two-thirds (65.5%) of the decedents had alcohol or drugs present in their blood at autopsy. Among decedents who had alcohol present (34.5%), blood alcohol levels were far higher among American Indians compared to Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites (p = .01). Interpersonal conflict was documented in over 25% of cases, indicating that studies of the mortality of intimate partner violence should include victims of both suicide and homicide deaths to fully characterize the mortality patterns of intimate partner violence.

Child and Adolescent Suicide Deaths in New Mexico, 1990-1994

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Werenko ◽  
LM Olson ◽  
L Fullerton-Gleason ◽  
AW Lynch ◽  
RE Zumwalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Youth Activity

The suicide death rate in New Mexico is consistently higher than the national rate. Among adolescents, suicide is the third leading cause of death nationally, but in New Mexico it is the second leading cause of death. This study describes the pattern of adolescent suicide deaths in New Mexico. We conducted a retrospective review of all medical examiner autopsies for adolescent suicides (ages 20 years and younger) in New Mexico from 1990-1994. Records were reviewed for demographics and possible contributing factors such as depression, previous attempts, and alcohol and drug use. We identified 184 suicide deaths among children and adolescents ages 9-20 years for an overall rate of 12.9 per 100,000. Our rates for ages 5-9 years (0.2), 10-14 years (3.8), and 15-19 years (22.3) are over twice the U.S. rates. Suicide deaths resulted primarily from firearms (67%), hanging (16%), poisoning (6%), inhalation (4%), and other methods (7%). Method varied by ethnicity (p = .01) and gender (p = .03); males and non-Hispanic Whites were overrepresented among firearm deaths. Firearm ownership was known in 60 (48%) of the firearm deaths. Of these, 53% of the firearms belonged to a family member, 25% to the decedent, and 22% to a friend. Over one-third of decedents (41%) experienced mental disorders, primarily depressed mood and clinical depression. Previous suicide attempts were noted for 15% of the decedents. Some 50% of the decedents had alcohol or drugs present at the time of death; among American Indians/Alaska Natives, 74% had drugs or alcohol present (p = .003). Targeted interventions are needed to reduce adolescent suicide in New Mexico. We suggest raising awareness about acute and chronic contributing factors to suicide; training physicians to look for behavioral manifestations of depression; and involving physicians, teachers, and youth activity leaders in efforts to limit firearm accessibility, such as advising parents to remove firearms from their households.

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