Shari'a Law, Cult Violence and System Change in Egypt: The Dilemma Facing President Mubarak.

This final chapter draws out the two main conclusions from the book. First, it discusses the policy implications of its findings. It suggests caution in the decentralization of political authority as a remedy for democratic underperformance in patronage-based democracies. Rather than making government more accountable, it may instead exacerbate principal–agent conflicts between center and periphery. More important than decentralization in the short term may be institutional reforms at the center that make parties more programmatic and responsive to citizens. Second, it sets out some of the implications of the book’s findings for the study of populism and party-system change more generally. It shows that the varied ways in which voters and parties are linked creates different pathways to the decline of establishment parties and the success of populist alternatives. Further comparative research across party systems might contribute positively to institutional reform and political change.

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Patterns of land system change in a Southeast Asian biodiversity hotspot

Applied Geography ◽

10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 102380

Author(s):

Marc Schmid ◽

Andreas Heinimann ◽

Julie G. Zaehringer

Keyword(s):

System Change ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

Biodiversity Hotspot ◽

Land System

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Comparison of Six-Month Post-Heart Transplant Survival between Status 1B/2 and Status 4-6 Recipients before and after the UNOS Allocation System Change

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation ◽

10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.723 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. S253-S254

Author(s):

S. Miller ◽

A. Sharma ◽

M. Saffarian ◽

P. Singhal ◽

K. Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Transplant ◽

System Change ◽

Transplant Survival ◽

Allocation System ◽

Before And After

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Legal Origin, Institutional Quality, and Islamic Finance Development: Does Shari’a Matter?

The Law and Development Review ◽

10.1515/ldr-2020-0053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 345-369

Author(s):

Rihab Grassa

Keyword(s):

Financial Development ◽

Legal System ◽

Civil Law ◽

Islamic Finance ◽

Islamic Banking ◽

Financial Industry ◽

Legal Origin ◽

Muslim Population ◽

Legal Origins ◽

Shari'a Law

AbstractPrevious studies on financial development have shown that differences in the legal origin explain differences in financial development. Using historical comparisons and cross-country regressions for 40 countries observed for the period from 2005 to 2018, our research assesses how different legal origins have affected the development of Islamic finance worldwide. More particularly, our research assesses empirically why and how the adoption of Shari’a, wholly or partially (combined with common or civil law), could explain the level of development of Islamic finance in different jurisdictions. Our primary results show that countries adopting a Shari’a legal system have a very well-developed Islamic financial system. Moreover, countries adopting a mixed legal system based on common law and Shari’a law have sufficient flexibility within their legal systems to make changes to their laws in response to the changing socioeconomic conditions, and this has helped the development of the Islamic financial industry. However, countries adopting a mixed legal system based on both civil law and Shari’a law appear less flexible in making changes to their old laws and this thwarted the development of the Islamic financial industry in these countries. Furthermore, we have found that the concentration of a Muslim population (the percentage of Muslim population) along with the level of income have both had a positive effect on the development of Islamic banking assets and on the development of Islamic banking as a whole.

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