Operator Performance in Pattern Matching as a Function of Reference Material Structure

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129403801907 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 38 (19) ◽

pp. 1280-1284 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marion P. Kibbe ◽

Jan Stiff

Keyword(s):

Reference Material ◽

Pattern Matching ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Material Structure ◽

Cognitive Content ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Operator Performance ◽

Speed And Accuracy

This paper examines the performance of subjects in verifying matches between aerial photographs and overlayed line drawings which vary in structure and pixel count. Both speed and accuracy improve as the pixel count increases with an asymptote at about 3500 pixels. Speed and accuracy also improve when the line drawings are made up of long lines or with lines which correspond to the cognitive content of the photographs.

Download Full-text

Reduction of material consumption for garments from checked fabrics

Industria Textila ◽

10.35530/it.071.03.1667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (03) ◽

pp. 275-281

Author(s):

INETA VILUMSONE-NEMES ◽

DANA BELAKOVA

Keyword(s):

Pattern Matching ◽

Material Structure ◽

Material Consumption ◽

Specialized Software ◽

Manufacturing Efficiency ◽

Cad Cam ◽

Production Orders ◽

Material Utilization ◽

Product Costs ◽

Cam Systems

The use of CAD/CAM systems have greatly optimized material utilization of garment styles from plain fabrics. Processing of intricate pattern materials is still work and material consuming. Increased material consumption is obtained because of two reasons: necessity to match pattern on ready garments and unfixed textile material structure. The fabric loss related to the pattern matching necessity is the most difficult to reduce. A style of classical women jacket was tested to compare efficiency of plain and checked fabric markers for sizes 36 – 54. It was determined that marker length is dependent on the conformity of the size of the checked fabric repeat and the length of the longest components placed in a sectioned marker. Reducing the length of the style slightly it was possible to reduce marker length considerably for certain size markers. Marker length, fabric consumption and, with it, product costs can be reduced conforming the length of the style to the size of the checked fabric repeat. Length tolerance – acceptable slight variations of the length of the style which does not change design and visual perception of the style should be determined by designers. Specialized software could be developed to vary the length of the style in the interval of length tolerance to reduce fabric consumption and with it product costs of certain production orders. Improving manufacturing efficiency and reducing fabric use, the styles from checked materials could be included in garment collections more often.

Download Full-text

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100060027 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 2-3

Author(s):

Cecil E. Hall

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Molecular Biology ◽

Noise Level ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Material Structure ◽

The Arts ◽

Shadow Casting ◽

Electron Image ◽

High Degree ◽

Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

Download Full-text

Plastic Deformation in Microtomed Sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066346 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 458-459

Author(s):

J. Temple Black

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Plastic Strain ◽

Applied Stress ◽

Elastic Strain ◽

High Strain ◽

Tool Material ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

Material Structure ◽

Geometrical Constraints

The output of the ultramicrotomy process with its high strain levels is dependent upon the input, ie., the nature of the material being machined. Apart from the geometrical constraints offered by the rake and clearance faces of the tool, each material is free to deform in whatever manner necessary to satisfy its material structure and interatomic constraints. Noncrystalline materials appear to survive the process undamaged when observed in the TEM. As has been demonstrated however microtomed plastics do in fact suffer damage to the top and bottom surfaces of the section regardless of the sharpness of the cutting edge or the tool material. The energy required to seperate the section from the block is not easily propogated through the section because the material is amorphous in nature and has no preferred crystalline planes upon which defects can move large distances to relieve the applied stress. Thus, the cutting stresses are supported elastically in the internal or bulk and plastically in the surfaces. The elastic strain can be recovered while the plastic strain is not reversible and will remain in the section after cutting is complete.

Download Full-text