Application of the Saha Equation to High Temperature (> or = 6000K) Rocket Exhaust

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Nachtrieb
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Saha Equation ◽  
Rocket Exhaust

Implementation of SLW model in the radiative heat transfer problems with particles and high temperature gradients

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Yadav ◽  
C. Balaji ◽  
S.P. Venkateshan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Anisotropic Scattering ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Discrete Ordinates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transfer Problems ◽  
Rocket Exhaust

Purpose The paper aims to test the spectral line-based weighted sum of gray gases (SLW) method in axisymmetric geometries with particles and high temperature gradients. Design/methodology/approach An SLW model is coupled with Trivic’s mean wavelength approach to estimate the radiative heat fluxes at the wall of an enclosure and to the base wall of the rocket exhaust, thereby subsequently studying the effect of concentration variation of the gases and particles in these cases. Radiative transfer equation is solved using modified discrete ordinates method. Anisotropic scattering is modeled using transport approximation. Findings Two cases considered show the importance of particle emission and scattering in the rocket plume base heating problems. In cases involving only gases, the concentration of H2O tends to have more impact on the flux values than any other gas. Originality/value A full model of gases with particles in an axially varying temperature field is reported. Such cases are very common in practical applications. The present methodology gives more insight and a firm handle on the problem vis-a-vis other traditional techniques.

Ionisationsgleichung für optisch dünne Plasmen

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Bohn
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Radiative Recombination ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Electron Densities ◽  
Ionic Charge ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Saha Equation ◽  
Collisional Ionization

An ionization formula for optically thin plasmas is proposed taking into account collisional ionization and both collisional and radiative recombination.This rather simple formula allows the calculation of the plasma components over the whole range of electron densities and temperatures. In cases of extremely low or extremely high electron densities it approaches the well known corona, and SAHA-equation (for electron temperature), respectively. Furthermore it is shown that the SAHA-equation is not valid in a high temperature plasma having a great ionic charge even at high electron densities, and that the proposed ionization formula should be used. Results at constant pressure or constant electron density are given in numerous diagrams.

NICROFER 7016 TiNb

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Rocket Exhaust

Abstract Nicrofer 7016 TiNb is an austenitic age-hardening Ni-Cr-Fe alloy containing Ti, Nb, and Al. High tensile strength is combined with good weldability. This aerospace alloy finds applications in rocket exhaust heat exchangers, springs, bellows, and bolts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-534. Producer or source: VDM Technologies Corporation.

Influence of Thermo-Mechanical Processing on the Microstructure of Beryllia Dispersed Nickel Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
M.S. Grewal ◽  
S.A. Sastri ◽  
N.J. Grant
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Nickel Base

Currently there is a great interest in developing nickel base alloys with fine and uniform dispersion of stable oxide particles, for high temperature applications. It is well known that the high temperature strength and stability of an oxide dispersed alloy can be greatly improved by appropriate thermomechanical processing, but the mechanism of this strengthening effect is not well understood. This investigation was undertaken to study the dislocation substructures formed in beryllia dispersed nickel alloys as a function of cold work both with and without intermediate anneals. Two alloys, one Ni-lv/oBeo and other Ni-4.5Mo-30Co-2v/oBeo were investigated. The influence of the substructures produced by Thermo-Mechanical Processing (TMP) on the high temperature creep properties of these alloys was also evaluated.

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

Lattice Imaging of Grain Boundaries in Ceramics

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
D. R. Clarke ◽  
G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Refractory Ceramics

Grain boundaries have long held a special significance to ceramicists. In part, this has been because it has been impossible until now to actually observe the boundaries themselves. Just as important, however, is the fact that the grain boundaries and their environs have a determing influence on both the mechanisms by which powder compaction occurs during fabrication, and on the overall mechanical properties of the material. One area where the grain boundary plays a particularly important role is in the high temperature strength of hot-pressed ceramics. This is a subject of current interest as extensive efforts are being made to develop ceramics, such as silicon nitride alloys, for high temperature structural applications. In this presentation we describe how the techniques of lattice fringe imaging have made it possible to study the grain boundaries in a number of refractory ceramics, and illustrate some of the findings.

Effect of Improved ThO2 Particle Dispersion in Nickel on High-Temperature Strength

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
E. R. Kimmel ◽  
H. L. Anthony ◽  
W. Scheithauer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
The Stability

The strengthening effect at high temperature produced by a dispersed oxide phase in a metal matrix is seemingly dependent on at least two major contributors: oxide particle size and spatial distribution, and stability of the worked microstructure. These two are strongly interrelated. The stability of the microstructure is produced by polygonization of the worked structure forming low angle cell boundaries which become anchored by the dispersed oxide particles. The effect of the particles on strength is therefore twofold, in that they stabilize the worked microstructure and also hinder dislocation motion during loading.

The Ordered Phase Formation in Ti-Al-Ga Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro ◽  
Harold L. Gegel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ordered-alpha titanium alloys having a DO19 type structure have good potential for high temperature (600°C) applications, due to the thermal stability of the ordered phase and the inherent resistance to recrystallization of these alloys. Five different Ti-Al-Ga alloys consisting of equal atomic percents of aluminum and gallium solute additions up to the stoichiometric composition, Ti3(Al, Ga), were used to study the growth kinetics of the ordered phase and the nature of its interface.The alloys were homogenized in the beta region in a vacuum of about 5×10-7 torr, furnace cooled; reheated in air to 50°C below the alpha transus for hot working. The alloys were subsequently acid cleaned, annealed in vacuo, and cold rolled to about. 050 inch prior to additional homogenization

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