Prophylactic and Treatment Drugs for Organophosphorus Poisoning

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Blumbergs ◽  
C. C. Tseng ◽  
B. S. Moss ◽  
M. T. Budrick ◽  
C. L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Poisoning

scholarly journals Analysis of Organophosphorus compound poisoning patients attending CMS-TH, Bharatpur, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
S Laudari ◽  
BS Patowary
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Planning Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning is a medical emergency. It is important to know its nature, clinical presentation, severity and outcome in order to take up appropriate measures including proper planning, treatment and prevention. This study was aimed to assess the clinical profile of organophosphorus poisoning. This is a prospective hospital based study conducted at CMS-T.H., Bharatpur, Nepal. The study included 111 patients of organophosphorus poisoning during the period November 2008 to July 2011. The incidence was commoner in females than males with female:male ratio being 1.47:1. Majority of the patients(58.56%) belonged to the age group 16 to 30 years with female predominance(2.25:1). Modes of poisoning were suicidal in the majority (94.59%), accidental in 4.50%. and homicidal in 0.90%. Psychiatric problems were the major precipitating factors. Majority of patients(62.16%) had moderate poisoning (POP scale: 4-7).On admission, dyselectrolytemia and respiratory failure were found in 74.77% and 21.62% respectively.8 patients expired (7.69%). Large amount of OP poison ingestion (>40ml) and increased severity of poisoning (POP scale) were found to have statistical significance with the rate of mortality. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-7,No-4, 9-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i4.6736

scholarly journals Organophosphorus Poisoning

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (172) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi Prasad Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Acute poisoning by organophosphorus (OP) compounds is a major global clinical problem, withthousands of deaths occurring every year. Most of these pesticide poisoning and subsequentdeaths occur in developing countries following a deliberate self ingestion of the poison. Metacid(Methyl parathion) and Nuvan (Dichlorovos) are commonly ingested OP pesticides; Dimethoate,Profenofos, and Chlorpyrifos are other less frequently ingested compounds in Nepal. The toxicityof these OP pesticides is due to the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymeleading to accumulation of acetylcholine and subsequent over-activation of cholinergic receptorsin various parts of the body. Acutely, these patients present with cholinergic crisis; intermediatesyndrome and delayed polyneuropathy are other sequel of this form of poisoning. The diagnosisdepends on the history of exposure to these pesticides, characteristic manifestations of toxicityand improvements of the signs and symptoms after administration of atropine. The supportivetreatment of OP poisoning includes the same basic principles of management of any acutelypoisoned patient i.e., rapid initial management of airways, breathing, and circulation. Gastriclavage and activated charcoal are routinely used decontamination procedures, but their valuehas not been conclusively proven in this poisoning. Atropine is the mainstay of therapy, andcan reverse the life threatening features of this acute poisoning. However, there are no clearcut guidelines on the dose and duration of atropine therapy in OP poisoning. Cholinesterasereactivators, by regenerating AChE, can reverse both the nicotinic and muscarinic effects;however, this benefit has not been translated well in clinical trials. All these facts highlight thatthere are many unanswered questions and controversies in the management of OP poisoningand there is an urgent need for research on this aspect of this common and deadly poisoning.Key Words: poisoning, organophosphorus insecticides, decontamination, antidotes

scholarly journals LDH LEVEL IN ACUTE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING AND ITS RELATION WITH SEVERITY AND MORTALITY: A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Nagar ◽  
Maniram Kumhar ◽  
V. B. Singh ◽  
Mayank Srivastav
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning

Background: Organophosphorus compounds have been widely used for a few decades in agriculture for crop protection and pest control. In India Organophosphorus poisoning is the most common. The objective of our study was to measure the  LDH Level in acute organophosphorus poisoning Methods: This study was conducted among minimum 100 patients acute organophosphorus poisoning admitted in Casualty ward, MICU and attending medical ward of JLN hospital, Ajmer during Aug 2018 to July 2020. Serum lactate dehydrogenase estimation by spectrophotometric analysis using Beckman Coalter AU 680 Results: These were significantly higher among deaths on day 1 and 3(810±372.99 and 1027.09±458.26, respectively) in comparison to survivors on day 1 and 3 (538.18±300.42 and 365.19±175.49, respectively). Significant difference was found between mean values of different levels of severity of LDH on day 1 and 3. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found that Serum LDH can be used as biomarker in diagnosis or stratifying severity of acute OP poisoning, as it is cheap and easily available, especially in developing countries. Serial measurements of serum LDH levels in acute OP poisoning can predict the prognosis. Keywords: LDH, OP poisoning, Severity

scholarly journals CASE STUDY: ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING – ATROPINE-INDUCED PSYCHOSIS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
VATHSALYA PORANKI
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Patient ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Postsynaptic Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Competitive Antagonist ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning

Organophosphate compounds are used as commercial insecticides and applied as aerosols or dust. Consuming these compounds intentionally or unintentionally lead to dangerous conditions even to fatality. The most common obstacle in treating organophosphorus poisoning is the availability of sufficient medical care, equipment to provide proper emergency care observed in rural areas where there is a lot of gap between intensive care and acute care. Atropine use is as an antidote in organophosphorus poisoning. The dose of atropine mainly depends on the organophosphorus toxic doses. Atropine is a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at the muscarinic postsynaptic membrane. Atropine blocks all the muscarinic effects in the body. This study presents a case of organophosphorus poisoning treated with atropine leading to atropine psychosis. Patient’s conditions, outcomes, and improvements are studied.

scholarly journals Pseudocholinesterase as a predictor of mortality and morbidity in organophosphorus poisoning

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Rao ◽  
Pradeep Rangappa ◽  
Ipe Jacob ◽  
Pradeepkumar Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning
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