An Analysis of Impact Initiation of Explosives and the Currently Used Threshold Criteria

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Fishburn
Keyword(s):  
Impact Initiation ◽  
Threshold Criteria

scholarly journals An explosively-driven multi-flyer system for investigating fragment impact initiation of PBXs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Bowden ◽  
John D. Yeager ◽  
Andrew M. Schmalzer ◽  
Joseph P. Lichthardt ◽  
Alexander H. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Impact Initiation

A Crime against Humanity? Implications and Prospects of the Responsibility to Protect in the Wake of Cyclone Nargis

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Langmore ◽  
Ashley McLachlan-Bent
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
International Community ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
International Debate ◽  
International Assistance ◽  
Disaster Assessment ◽  
Cyclone Nargis ◽  
Threshold Criteria ◽  
Coercive Intervention

AbstractIn May 2008 Cyclone Nargis created significant international debate when the ruling military regime in Myanmar refused to allow international relief supplies and specialists into the country. The discussion that followed included invoking the principle of Responsibility to Protect as a way of forcing the regime to accept international assistance. This proposal caused sharp division amongst governments, relief agencies, journalists and citizens. The regime's shocking refusal to accept assistance constituted a crime against humanity and, as such, deserved consideration as an R2P situation. The damage which military action involves was severely underestimated by those proposing it and although the situation following Nargis clearly met the threshold criteria, permitting coercive intervention, the precautionary principles were not satisfied, thus making coercive intervention under R2P impermissible. The involvement of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) following Nargis facilitated entry of disaster assessment teams and some aid into Myanmar. In light of Myanmar's fear of intervention in its affairs, the international community should have used R2P to frame a response and worked with ASEAN from the outset to pressure the regime to respond to the disaster more effectively.

Mental Disorders in Chronically Ill Children: Parent-Child Discrepancy and Physician Identification

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-696
Author(s):  
Emily Harris Canning ◽  
Suzanne B. Hanser ◽  
Kathryn A. Shade ◽  
W. Thomas Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Chronically Ill Children ◽  
Threshold Criteria

Mental disorders affect 18% to 20% of children and adolescents. The rate in children with chronic illness is probably higher. This study of chronically ill children addresses the discrepancy between parent and child reports of child psychiatric disorders and the extent to which pediatricians agree with reports by children and parents regarding such problems. Eighty-three subjects, aged 9 to 18 (mean = 12.6), were recruited; they had the following diagnoses: cystic fibrosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Subjects and one parent were interviewed separately, using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-2.1). The subject's physician completed a questionnaire asking about the presence of a range of mental disorders. Forty-one (49%) subjects reached threshold criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, using both parent and child as informants. Psychiatric disorders were identified in only 22 subjects (54%) by the child and in 28 (68%) by parent alone. Thus, reliance on one informant resulted in failure to identify one third to one half of psychiatric disorders. Physicians' ratings agreed significantly with children's reports but not with parental reports, suggesting that physicians are sensitive to children's concerns but may underestimate the value and importance of parents' reports. Clinical and research evaluations of chronically ill children, as well as clinician identification of mental health problems, will be influenced by the choice of informant.

scholarly journals Assessing the regional surface influence through Backward Lagrangian Dispersion Models for aircraft CO<sub>2</sub> vertical profiles observations in NE Spain

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 8103-8134
Author(s):  
A. Font ◽  
J.-A. Morguí ◽  
X. Rodó
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Lagrangian Particle ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Lagrangian Dispersion ◽  
Threshold Criteria ◽  
Ne Spain

Abstract. A weekly climatology for 2006 composed of 96-h-backward Lagrangian Particle Dispersion simulations is presented for nine aircraft sites measuring vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios along the 42° N parallel in NE Spain to assess the surface influence at a regional scale (102–103 km) at different altitudes in the vertical profile (600, 1200, 2500 and 4000 meters above the sea level, m a.s.l.). The Potential Surface Influence (PSI) area for the 96-h-backward simulations, defined as the air layer above ground with a thickness of 300 m, are reduced from the continental scale (~107 km2) to the watershed one (~104 km2), when a Residence Time Threshold Criteria (Rttc) greater than 500 s is imposed for each grid cell. In addition, this regional restricted information is confined during 50 h before the arrival for simulations centered at 600 and 1200 m a.s.l. At higher altitudes (2500 and 4000 m a.s.l.), the regional surface influence is only recovered during spring and summer months. For simulations centered at 600 and 1200 m a.s.l. sites separated by ~60 km may overlap 20–50% of the regional surface influences whereas sites separated by ~350 km as such do not overlap. The overlap for sites separated by ~60 km decreases to 8–40% at higher altitudes (2500 and 4000 m a.s.l.). A dense network of sampling sites below 2200 m a.s.l. (whether aircraft sites or tall tower ones) guarantees an appropriate regional coverage to properly assess the dynamics of the regional carbon cycle at a watershed scale (102–103 km length scale).

18. Care and Supervision

2021 ◽  
pp. 663-717
Author(s):  
N V Lowe ◽  
G Douglas ◽  
E Hitchings ◽  
R Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Local Authority ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Welfare Of The Child ◽  
Court Orders ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Threshold Criteria ◽  
Children In Care

The Children Act 1989 places considerable importance on local authorities working in partnership with families and the avoidance wherever possible of court proceedings. However, the Act also makes provision, in the form of care and supervision orders, for compulsory measures to be taken to safeguard and promote children’s welfare. This chapter focuses on care and supervision orders. It covers the initiation of proceedings; the threshold criteria, which refers to conditions set out by s 31(2) that must be satisfied before a care or supervision order may be made; the ‘welfare stage’, where the court must, pursuant to s 1(1), regard the welfare of the child as the paramount consideration; tackling delay in care proceedings; court orders; appeals; and discharge of care orders and discharge and variation of supervision orders. The chapter ends by discussing the position of children in local authority care, focusing on the critical issue of contact with children in care.

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