Modeling of the Non-Auditory Response to Blast Overpressure. The State of Modeling Blast Injury

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Stuhmiller
Keyword(s):  
Blast Injury ◽  
The State ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Auditory Response

scholarly journals Anthropomorphic Blast Test Device for Primary Blast Injury Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Yun Hsu ◽  
Kevin Ho ◽  
Philemon Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Lung Injuries

Abstract Introduction Blast overpressure health hazard assessment is required prior to fielding of weapon systems that produce blast overpressures that pose risk of auditory and nonauditory blast lung injuries. The anthropomorphic blast test device (ABTD) offers a single device solution for collection of both auditory and nonauditory data from a single blast at anthropometrically correct locations for injury risk assessment. It also allows for better replication of personnel positioning during weapons firings. The ABTD is an update of the blast test device (BTD), the current Army standard for collection of thoracic blast loading data. Validation testing of the ABTD is required to ensure that lung injury model validated using BTD collected test data and sheep subjects is still applicable when the ABTD is used. Methods Open field validation blast tests were conducted with BTD and ABTD placed at matching locations. Tests at seven blast strength levels were completed spanning the range of overpressures for occupational testing. Results The two devices produced very similar values for lung injury dose over all blast levels and orientations. Conclusion The ABTD was validated successfully for open field tests. For occupational blast injury assessments, ABTD can be used in place of the BTD and provide enhanced capabilities.

scholarly journals Early Complement and Fibrinolytic Activation in a Rat Model of Blast-Induced Multi-Organ Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangsheng Yang ◽  
Olawale A Aderemi ◽  
Qingwei Zhao ◽  
Peter R Edsall ◽  
Milomir O Simovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Hemolytic Assay

Abstract Objective Blast injury is associated with multi-organ failure (MOF), causing significant morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. However, the pathogenesis of blast-induced MOF still remains obscure. In this study, we evaluate the pathophysiological changes related to blast-induced MOF in a clinically relevant rat model of blast injury. Methods A moderate blast overpressure was applied to induce injury in anesthetized rats. Pathological changes were evaluated by H&E staining. Complement activation, plasminogen, and myeloperoxidase levels were analyzed by complement hemolytic assay (CH50) and/or ELISA in blood samples. Results Analysis of lung, brain, and liver tissue at 24 hour after blast overpressure revealed severe injuries. The level of complement components C3 and C1q decreased in parallel with the reduction of CH50 level in injured animals at 1, 3, and 6 hours after blast. Consumption of plasminogen was also detected as early as 1 hour post-injury. Myeloperoxidase levels were elevated within 1 hour of blast injury. Conclusion Our data reveal that blast injury triggers the complement and fibrinolytic systems, which likely contribute to blast-induced MOF. Conceivably, therapies that target these systems early may improve clinical outcomes in blast patients.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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