Effects of Noise of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations on Marine Mammals - An Introductory Assessment. Volume 1

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Gales
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Arctic Europe Between National Interests and Arctic Governance

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Igor Kochev ◽  
Wim Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
The Eu

From an economic point of view, melting ice is making the Arctic ocean increasingly important for a number of countries – Arctic states as well as non-Arctic states. Also, the EU has clear interests in the area. This chapter provides a brief description of those interests and its implications on the EU's relationship with the Arctic partners. This note takes seven aspects of the EU-relations with the Arctic states into consideration (i.e., the institutional framework, the EU Arctic interests and policies, shipping, fishing, marine mammals, offshore oil and gas operations, and the EU's Arctic partners).

Drilling and Service Contracts in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
J. M. Killey
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Offshore Operations

As onshore oil and gas deposits are becoming more difficult to locate, and as the world demands for energy continue to increase at an alarming rate, oil companies are channeling much of their exploration activities towards offshore operations, and in particular, towards operations centered off Canada's coast lines. Because of the environment, offshore drilling presents problems which are novel to the onshore-geared oil industry. J. M. Killey discusses in detail many of the considerations involved in drafting the offshore drilling contract, concentrating on problems such as the liability of the various parties; costs; scheduling; pollution; conflict of laws; etc. Similarly, he discusses service contracts (such as supply boat charters; towing services; helicopter services; etc.^ which are necessity to the operation of an offshore drilling rig. To complement his paper, the author has included number of appendices which list the various considerations lawyer must keep in mind when drafting contracts for offshore operations.

scholarly journals Offshore oil and gas, and operational sheen occurrence: is there potential harm to marine birds?

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora A. Morandin ◽  
Patrick D. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Marine Bird ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Hydrocarbon discharges into the ocean, both regulated and accidental, occur from offshore drilling and production operations, and can result in oil sheen (≤3 μm thick) and slick (>3 μm thick) formation, potentially harming marine birds. Sheens may commonly occur around offshore oil and gas platforms in Atlantic Canada, however, there is little information on regularity of occurrence. Further, there are few direct studies on potential impacts of sheens, associated with offshore oil and gas operations, on marine birds. We reviewed potential sources and frequency of hydrocarbon accumulation on sea surfaces from offshore oil and gas operations in Atlantic Canada, and the likelihood of overlap with marine birds. We conducted a literature review on lethal and sub-lethal effects of low levels of oil contact and ingestion on marine birds, focusing on studies that describe measured dosages of oil. We extrapolated from these data on low-dose oil exposure to link possible effects to marine birds resulting from exposure to sheens. We found that sheens occur around production operations in Atlantic Canada at allowable levels of oil concentrations in produced water. Frequency and extent of occurrence cannot be estimated from current monitoring practices. While immediate lethal effects to seabirds likely are not common from external oiling of feathers from sheens, added stressors, such as cold weather, can result in external oiling from sheens having significant impact on seabird metabolic rate and can be ultimately lethal. Ingestion of small amounts of oil, doses that realistically could be expected from exposure to sheens, in some cases resulted in sub-lethal effects to adult seabirds, primarily affecting metabolic rate, sub-lethal health impacts, and reproductive output. Nestlings and eggs do not come in direct contact with sheens, yet these life stages are highly sensitive to oil, and transfer of oil from adults exposed to sheens likely is above tolerance levels at times. Negative effects to reproductive output from small doses of ingested oil could be causing undetected impacts on marine birds and marine bird populations. Lack of standardized monitoring of marine bird contact with sheens and potential harm makes assessments of magnitude and extent of impact problematic.

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