Plasmids of 'Legionella' Species

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Mikesell ◽  
Gregory B. Knudson
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Species

scholarly journals Advances in Environmental Detection and Clinical Diagnostic Tests for Legionella Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari Vittal ◽  
Juliet Roshini Mohan Raj ◽  
Ballamoole Krishna Kumar ◽  
Indrani Karunasagar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Mild Fever

Abstract Legionella is a fastidious organism that is difficult to culture in the lab but is widely distributed in environmental, domestic, and hospital settings. The clinical manifestations due to Legionella infections range from mild fever to fatal pneumonia and multiorgan pathologies. Legionella outbreaks though prevalent globally are not reported in developing countries due to difficulties in isolating this organism and the lack of simple diagnostic protocols. Here, we review the literature from across countries to present various methods used to detect Legionella from environmental and clinical samples. We compare the sensitivity and the specificity of the conventional culture-based assays with the recent methods and discuss approaches to develop better detection and diagnostic tests. With better cost-effective detection techniques and regular monitoring of the susceptible sites, which may harbor Legionella colonies, most of the Legionella infections can be prevented. As a result, considerable burden, caused by Legionella infections, on the healthcare system, in especially economically weaker countries, can be mitigated.

Investigation of opportunistic pathogens in municipal drinking water under different supply and treatment regimes

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pryor ◽  
S. Springthorpe ◽  
S. Riffard ◽  
T. Brooks ◽  
Y. Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

Changing regulations to lower disinfectant byproducts in drinking water is forcing utilities to switch disinfection from chlorine to monochloramine. It is generally unknown whether this will impact positively or negatively on the microbiological quality of drinking water. A utility in Florida, using water with relatively high organic carbon levels from deep wells in several wellfields, made the decision to change its disinfection regime from chlorine to chloramine in order to meet the new regulations. To assess the impacts of such a change on the microbiology of its water supplies, it undertook a number of studies before and after the change. In particular, the presence of the opportunistic pathogens Legionella and Mycobacterium, and also the composition of drinking-water biofilms, were examined. A preliminary synthesis and summary of these results are presented here. Legionella species were widely distributed in source waters and in the distribution system when chlorine was the disinfectant. In some samples they seemed to be among the dominant biofilm bacteria. Following the change to monochloramine, legionellae were not detected in the distribution system during several months of survey; however, they remained detectable at point of use, although with less species diversity. A variety of mycobacteria (21 types) were widely distributed in the distribution system when chlorine was the disinfectant, but these seemed to increase in dominance after chloramination was instituted. At point of use, only four species of mycobacteria were detected. Other changes occurring with chloramination included (a) an altered biofilm composition, (b) increased numbers of total coliforms and heterotrophs and (c) nitrification of water storage tanks. The results suggested that consideration should be given to the microbiological effects of changing disinfection regimes in drinking-water and distribution system biofilms.

Assessment of relative potential for Legionella species or surrogates inhalation exposure from common water uses

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Hines ◽  
Daniel J. Chappie ◽  
Robert A. Lordo ◽  
Brian D. Miller ◽  
Robert J. Janke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Water Uses

Identification of Legionella pneumophila serogroups and other Legionella species by mip gene sequencing

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attiya Haroon ◽  
Michio Koide ◽  
Futoshi Higa ◽  
Masao Tateyama ◽  
Jiro Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Legionella Species

Guanine is a growth factor for Legionella species.

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pine ◽  
M J Franzus ◽  
G B Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Legionella Species
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