Design of Kinetic Energy Projectiles for Structural Integrity

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Drysdale
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Structural Integrity

Investigation of the In-Bore Structural Integrity of a Kinetic Energy Projectile

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. PATIL ◽  
KAMLESH KUMAR ◽  
S. HARIKRISHNAN ◽  
BORA MURALIDHAR ◽  
R. D. MISAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Structural Integrity

The Energy-Absorbing Characteristics of Tubular Structures With Geometric and Material Modifications: An Overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chung Kim Yuen ◽  
G. N. Nurick
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Axial Impact ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Axial Response ◽  
Tubular Sections ◽  
Energy Absorbing

For better crashworthiness performance, vehicles must protect its occupants by maintaining structural integrity and converting the large amount of kinetic energy into other forms of energy in a controllable and predictable manner in a crash situation. In doing so, lower crushing force would provide better safety for the vehicle occupants. This paper reviews the axial response of “modified” tubular sections with imperfections and fillers subjected to axial impact loads relevant to the field of structural crashworthiness. The use of imperfections sets the mode and initiation of collapse of a tube at a specific location and reduces the maximum crush force, hence improving the energy-absorbing characteristics of tubular structures. The types of imperfections discussed include prebuckle, parallel and dished indentations, cutouts, stiffeners, fillers, and wrapping.

scholarly journals Further Examination of the Performance of Blank Cartridges Used in Captive Bolt Devices for the Pre-Slaughter Stunning of Animals

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Grist ◽  
Randall Bock ◽  
Toby G. Knowles ◽  
Stephen B. Wotton
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Full Production ◽  
Blank Cartridges

Blank cartridges produce gas through deflagration and are used as the main power source in captive bolt devices used within abattoirs and on farms in Europe. The European legislation recognises this and requires users to follow manufacturers’ recommendations in terms of which power cartridge to use. Variation in cartridge performance of Eley (E) cartridges was found in previous research, which was published before Accles and Shelvoke (AS) started full production of their own cartridges. This work examined cartridge performance, structural integrity and dimensional tolerances, and found that the new AS cartridges that varied more greatly in performance in terms of velocity, kinetic energy and mechanical stability of casing than the more established E cartridges. In this study, 15% of the cartridges split at the primer flange on firing, resulting in less kinetic energy, which could impact the ability of the captive bolt to produce a successful stun. This, combined with the variation in performance in a primary component of a device that should have a uniform performance, could lead to animal welfare issues as this variation cannot be predetermined by examination of the cartridge pre firing.

scholarly journals The application of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers of oil palm for the development of light structure materials and products

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 00007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bustami Syam ◽  
Maraghi Muttaqin ◽  
Mawardi ◽  
Fachrur Rozi ◽  
Martgomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Impact Tests

We have been involved in developing the use of EFB fibers for several light structural products, such as speed bumps, parking stoppers, helmets, and horse shoes. This paper presents our current research work on parking bumper made of EFB fibers to be utilized for power generation. The products are designed and produced in full scale covering the whole width of vehicles passing over the bumpers. The ideas are how to reserve kinetic energy harvested from the vehicles to convert into electricity to be stored in a battery. To obtain a structural integrity-proof material, the speed bumps were subjected several tests, e.g. static and impact tests as well as live body test using the kinetic energy obtained from vehicles pass over the speed bumps. For this, a speed bump station parallel to street zebra-cross was prepared. It was obtained that A-5 concrete foam type is suitable for 3B class road. The structural response of speed bumps were checked using ANSYS 17.0.

Structural Integrity of a Spar in Collision With a Large Supply Vessel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinguo Ning ◽  
Bob L. Zhang ◽  
Sudhakar Tallavajhula
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Progressive Damage ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this study are to establish numerical approaches to evaluate the structural integrity of a generic Spar hull in collision with a large supply vessel and to reveal its progressive collision damage characteristics. Dynamic and nonlinear finite element analysis is implemented using ABAQUS/Explicit module [1] respectively for two collision scenarios. One is a realistic simulation where the impact kinetic energy governed by an initial impact speed and total mass of a ship is gradually depleted during the collision. The other is a simplified analytical method where the impact speed of a ship bow throughout the collision is constant or the total impact energy is unlimited. With a combination of calibrated material progressive damage models and Mises plasticity, progressive collision damages of the hull structures are accurately captured for structural integrity assessment. The collision energy absorption characteristics, the impact force-deformation curves, the progressive damage modes and the correlation between the impact force, kinetic energy and damages are revealed. Based on numerical investigation, the two analytical scenarios are compared and the implication for the design analysis is elucidated. As a complementary to the ABS code [2], the alternative collision damage criterion in ABS MODU [3] applicable to column-stabilized units is justified to be applicable to a Spar subjected to high-energy impact.

Electron Beam Damage of Biomolecules Assessed by Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M. Isaacson ◽  
M.L. Collins ◽  
M. Listvan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Atom Migration ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past five years it has become evident that radiation damage provides the fundamental limit to the study of blomolecular structure by electron microscopy. In some special cases structural determinations at very low doses can be achieved through superposition techniques to study periodic (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and nonperiodic (Saxton & Frank, 1977) specimens. In addition, protection methods such as glucose embedding (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and maintenance of specimen hydration at low temperatures (Taylor & Glaeser, 1976) have also shown promise. Despite these successes, the basic nature of radiation damage in the electron microscope is far from clear. In general we cannot predict exactly how different structures will behave during electron Irradiation at high dose rates. Moreover, with the rapid rise of analytical electron microscopy over the last few years, nvicroscopists are becoming concerned with questions of compositional as well as structural integrity. It is important to measure changes in elemental composition arising from atom migration in or loss from the specimen as a result of electron bombardment.

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

High-Resolution electron crystallography of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex from chloroplast membranes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 610-610
Author(s):  
Werner Kühlbrandt ◽  
Da Neng Wang ◽  
K.H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Lhc Ii ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Difference Fourier ◽  
2D Crystals

The light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b protein complex (LHC-II) is the most abundant membrane protein in the chloroplasts of green plants where it functions as a molecular antenna of solar energy for photosynthesis. We have grown two-dimensional (2d) crystals of the purified, detergent-solubilized LHC-II . The crystals which measured 5 to 10 μm in diameter were stabilized for electron microscopy by washing with a 0.5% solution of tannin. Electron diffraction patterns of untilted 2d crystals cooled to 130 K showed sharp spots to 3.1 Å resolution. Spot-scan images of 2d crystals were recorded at 160 K with the Berkeley microscope . Images of untilted crystals were processed, using the unbending procedure by Henderson et al . A projection map of the complex at 3.7Å resolution was generated from electron diffraction amplitudes and high-resolution phases obtained by image processing .A difference Fourier analysis with the same image phases and electron diffraction amplitudes recorded of frozen, hydrated specimens showed no significant differences in the 3.7Å projection map. Our tannin treatment therefore does not affect the structural integrity of the complex.

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