A Statistical Tool: Analysis of Covariance. Volume III. Program Listing, Flow Chart, and User's Manual for Algorithm for Handling Multivariate Covariance Data with Missing Values.

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Caudill ◽  
Don Holbert ◽  
Lyle D. Broemeling
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Program Listing

scholarly journals Missing data treatment method on cluster analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsiddig Elsadig Mohamed Koko ◽  
Amin Ibrahim Adam Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Missing Data Treatment

<p>The missing data in household health survey was challenged for the researcher because of incomplete analysis. The statistical tool cluster analysis methodology implemented in the collected data of Sudan's household health survey in 2006.</p><p>Current research specifically focuses on the data analysis as the objective is to deal with the missing values in cluster analysis. Two-Step Cluster Analysis is applied in which each participant is classified into one of the identified pattern and the optimal number of classes is determined using SPSS Statistics/IBM. However, the risk of over-fitting of the data must be considered because cluster analysis is a multivariable statistical technique. Any observation with missing data is excluded in the Cluster Analysis because like multi-variable statistical techniques. Therefore, before performing the cluster analysis, missing values will be imputed using multiple imputations (SPSS Statistics/IBM). The clustering results will be displayed in tables. The descriptive statistics and cluster frequencies will be produced for the final cluster model, while the information criterion table will display results for a range of cluster solutions.</p>

scholarly journals The seven sisters DANCe

2018 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. A15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Olivares ◽  
L. M. Sarro ◽  
E. Moraux ◽  
A. Berihuete ◽  
H. Bouy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Open Cluster ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Posterior Distributions ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Young Open Cluster ◽  
Probability Threshold

Context. The photometric and astrometric measurements of the Pleiades DANCe DR2 survey provide an excellent test case for the benchmarking of statistical tools aiming at the disentanglement and characterisation of nearby young open cluster (NYOC) stellar populations. Aims. We aim to develop, test, and characterise of a new statistical tool (intelligent system) for the sifting and analysis of NYOC populations. Methods. Using a Bayesian formalism, with this statistical tool we were able to obtain the posterior distributions of parameters governing the cluster model. It also used hierarchical bayesian models to establish weakly informative priors, and incorporates the treatment of missing values and non-homogeneous (heteroscedastic) observational uncertainties. Results. From simulations, we estimated that this statistical tool renders kinematic (proper motion) and photometric (luminosity) distributions of the cluster population with a contamination rate of 5.8 ± 0.2%. The luminosity distributions and present day mass function agree with the ones found in a recent study, on the completeness interval of the survey. At the probability threshold of maximum accuracy, the classifier recovers ≈90% of the recently published candidate members and finds 10% of new ones. Conclusions. A new statistical tool for the analysis of NYOC is introduced, tested, and characterised. Its comprehensive modelling of the data properties allows it to get rid of the biases present in previous works. In particular, those resulting from the use of only completely observed (non-missing) data and the assumption of homoskedastic uncertainties. Also, its Bayesian framework allows it to properly propagate observational uncertainties into membership probabilities and cluster velocity and luminosity distributions. Our results are in a general agreement with those from the literature, although we provide the most up-to-date and extended list of candidate members of the Pleiades cluster.

Effect of Plyometric Training on Strength Endurance of Male Hostel Students

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Mary Varghese Kundukulam
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Criterion Variable ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Group I ◽  
Abdominal Strength

The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of plyometric training on strength endurance of young male hostel students. To achieve the purpose twenty (n = 20) young male students were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 18 and 25 years. They were divided into two equal groups, each group consisted of ten (n = 10) subjects. The group I underwent plyometric training (PTG), and group II acted as a control (CG) who did not exposed any special training apart from their regular activities. The training period for this study was limited to five days in a week for eight weeks. Abdominal strength endurance was selected as a criterion variable of this study and it was measured by using bent knee sit-ups. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied as a statistical tool. In all cases 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the significance, which was considered as an appropriate. It was concluded from the result of the study that there was a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) due to plyometric training on abdominal strength endurance as compared to control group.

Thickness and composition determinations from T.E.M. specimens using both x-ray and backscattered electron data

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
M.D. Ball ◽  
H. Lagace ◽  
M.C. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Intensity ◽  
Backscattered Electron

The backscattered electron coefficient η for transmission electron microscope specimens depends on both the atomic number Z and the thickness t. Hence for specimens of known atomic number, the thickness can be determined from backscattered electron coefficient measurements. This work describes a simple and convenient method of estimating the thickness and the corrected composition of areas of uncertain atomic number by combining x-ray microanalysis and backscattered electron intensity measurements.The method is best described in terms of the flow chart shown In Figure 1. Having selected a feature of interest, x-ray microanalysis data is recorded and used to estimate the composition. At this stage thickness corrections for absorption and fluorescence are not performed.

Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Wu ◽  
Roger W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aging Voice ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

Exploring Particular Facets of Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Their Relationships With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Madjar ◽  
Nicole Segal ◽  
Gilad Eger ◽  
Gal Shoval
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Abstract. Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been found to be associated with poor emotion regulation. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine the association of multidimensional cognitive emotion regulation strategies with NSSI among adolescents and compare the different patterns of NSSI. Method: A sample of 594 high-school students (54.4% boys; mean age = 14.96 years), from five regional schools across Israel, were assessed for five facets of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (acceptance, refocus on planning, positive refocusing, putting into perspective, and positive reappraisal) and NSSI behaviors using validated scales. Participants were allocated into three groups: repetitive NSSI (more than six occasions of NSSI; 7.1%), occasional NSSI (at least one incident but less than six; 8.3%), and no NSSI (84.6%). Results: Analysis of covariance, controlling for gender and depression symptoms, revealed that students with NSSI reported higher levels of acceptance, but lower levels of refocus on planning and putting into perspective. Limitations: The study used a cross-sectional design, which was a limitation. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that particular cognitive emotion regulation strategies differ substantially in their relationship with NSSI. Adolescents who focus on planning and putting stressful situations into perspective may have increased resilience, whereas adolescents who are accepting of negative events that have happened may be more prone to maladaptive coping behaviors.

Influence of General and Crystallized Intelligence on Vocabulary Test Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ullstadius ◽  
Jan-Eric Gustafsson ◽  
Berit Carlstedt
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
General Ability

Summary: Vocabulary tests, part of most test batteries of general intellectual ability, measure both verbal and general ability. Newly developed techniques for confirmatory factor analysis of dichotomous variables make it possible to analyze the influence of different abilities on the performance on each item. In the testing procedure of the Computerized Swedish Enlistment test battery, eight different subtests of a new vocabulary test were given randomly to subsamples of a representative sample of 18-year-old male conscripts (N = 9001). Three central dimensions of a hierarchical model of intellectual abilities, general (G), verbal (Gc'), and spatial ability (Gv') were estimated under different assumptions of the nature of the data. In addition to an ordinary analysis of covariance matrices, assuming linearity of relations, the item variables were treated as categorical variables in the Mplus program. All eight subtests fit the hierarchical model, and the items were found to load about equally on G and Gc'. The results also indicate that if nonlinearity is not taken into account, the G loadings for the easy items are underestimated. These items, moreover, appear to be better measures of G than the difficult ones. The practical utility of the outcome for item selection and the theoretical implications for the question of the origin of verbal ability are discussed.

The Effects of Age, Gene Source and Familial Severity on Factor VIII in Normals and Haemophilia Carriers: Analysis by Multiple Regression

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 722-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M Duncan ◽  
Lynn J Tunbridge ◽  
John V Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Severe Haemophilia ◽  
Factor Viii Related Antigen ◽  
Defective Gene ◽  
Coagulant Activity

SummaryThere are conflicting views on the effects of age, gene source and familial severity on levels of factor VIII in carriers of haemophilia. Different workers have found that factor VIII increases with age, is higher in paternal carriers, and is higher in carriers from families with more severe haemophilia. Other workers have disagreed with these findings. In this study we explored some of the causes of this conflict. We measured factor VIII related antigen and factor VIII coagulant activity on 40 normal females and 48 carriers, and analysed the results by multiple regression and analysis of covariance. Our results indicated that both factor VIII coagulant activity and factor VIII related antigen increased with age, but were unaffected by the familial severity of haemophilia or whether the defective gene came from the mother or the father. We found that the conflicting reports of previous authors were due to high inter-correlations of the studied variables.

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