On the Mechanical Properties of the Human Intervertebral Disc.

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Panagiotacopulos ◽  
R. Bloch ◽  
W. G. Knauss ◽  
P. Harvey ◽  
M. Patzakis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intervertebral Disc

scholarly journals Hierarchical structure and mechanical properties of collagen in the intervertebral disc

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Joseph Cassidy ◽  
Anne Hiltner ◽  
Eric Baer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Hierarchical Structure

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Structural and Tensile Mechanical Response of Annulus Fibrosus to Osmotic Loading

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woojin M. Han ◽  
Nandan L. Nerurkar ◽  
Lachlan J. Smith ◽  
Nathan T. Jacobs ◽  
Robert L. Mauck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Osmotic Loading

The annulus fibrosus (AF) is a multi-lamellar fibrocartilagenous ring in the intervertebral disc. The variation of biochemical composition from the outer to the inner AF is largely responsible for the heterogeneous mechanical properties. In vitro tissue-level studies require mechanical testing in aqueous buffers to avoid tissue dehydration. The varying glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents from outer to inner AF suggest that the response to high and low PBS osmolarity may also be different with radial position. Previous studies in tendon and ligament have been conflicting: soaking tendon fascicles in PBS decreased tensile modulus1 and treating ligament in buffer had no effect on modulus.2

Intra- and Extrafibrillar Fluid Exchange in the Disc

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Schroeder ◽  
S. Sivan ◽  
W. Wilson ◽  
J. M. Huyghe ◽  
A. Maroudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
External Mechanical Load

The mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc are regulated by its biochemical composition. With ageing and degeneration the water content of the disc decreases which highly influences the mechanical properties. The disc is subjected to a combination of elastic, viscous and osmotic forces. Osmotic forces are shown to have a major impact on crack opening and propagation [1] and on cellular responses [2]. In particular, osmosis provides an understanding on why fissures in the degenerating disc are so poorly related to external mechanical load [3].

Sacrificial Fibers Improve Matrix Distribution and Mechanical Properties in a Tissue-Engineered Intervertebral Disc

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth G. Ashinsky ◽  
Sarah E. Gullbrand ◽  
Edward D. Bonnevie ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Dong Hwa Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Matrix Distribution

scholarly journals Fabrication of a novel whole tissue-engineered intervertebral disc for intervertebral disc regeneration in the porcine lumbar spine

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (68) ◽  
pp. 39013-39021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yang ◽  
Dongqin Xiao ◽  
Qiao Zhao ◽  
Zhu Chen ◽  
Kang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Regeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Regeneration

A novel whole tissue-engineered IVD consisting of a triphasic scaffold demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties in the porcine lumbar spine.

Finite Element Based Nonlinear Normalization of Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Stiffness to Account for Its Morphology

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Maquer ◽  
Marc Laurent ◽  
Vaclav Brandejsky ◽  
Michael L. Pretterklieber ◽  
Philippe K. Zysset
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Nonlinear Normalization ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

Disc degeneration, usually associated with low back pain and changes of intervertebral stiffness, represents a major health issue. As the intervertebral disc (IVD) morphology influences its stiffness, the link between mechanical properties and degenerative grade is partially lost without an efficient normalization of the stiffness with respect to the morphology. Moreover, although the behavior of soft tissues is highly nonlinear, only linear normalization protocols have been defined so far for the disc stiffness. Thus, the aim of this work is to propose a nonlinear normalization based on finite elements (FE) simulations and evaluate its impact on the stiffness of human anatomical specimens of lumbar IVD. First, a parameter study involving simulations of biomechanical tests (compression, flexion/extension, bilateral torsion and bending) on 20 FE models of IVDs with various dimensions was carried out to evaluate the effect of the disc's geometry on its compliance and establish stiffness/morphology relations necessary to the nonlinear normalization. The computed stiffness was then normalized by height (H), cross-sectional area (CSA), polar moment of inertia (J) or moments of inertia (Ixx, Iyy) to quantify the effect of both linear and nonlinear normalizations. In the second part of the study, T1-weighted MRI images were acquired to determine H, CSA, J, Ixx and Iyy of 14 human lumbar IVDs. Based on the measured morphology and pre-established relation with stiffness, linear and nonlinear normalization routines were then applied to the compliance of the specimens for each quasi-static biomechanical test. The variability of the stiffness prior to and after normalization was assessed via coefficient of variation (CV). The FE study confirmed that larger and thinner IVDs were stiffer while the normalization strongly attenuated the effect of the disc geometry on its stiffness. Yet, notwithstanding the results of the FE study, the experimental stiffness showed consistently higher CV after normalization. Assuming that geometry and material properties affect the mechanical response, they can also compensate for one another. Therefore, the larger CV after normalization can be interpreted as a strong variability of the material properties, previously hidden by the geometry's own influence. In conclusion, a new normalization protocol for the intervertebral disc stiffness in compression, flexion, extension, bilateral torsion and bending was proposed, with the possible use of MRI and FE to acquire the discs' anatomy and determine the nonlinear relations between stiffness and morphology. Such protocol may be useful to relate the disc's mechanical properties to its degree of degeneration.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of a Photopolymerizable Hydrogel for Intervertebral Disc Replacement

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schmocker ◽  
A. Khoushabi ◽  
D. Pioletti ◽  
P. E. Bourban ◽  
J. A. Månson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Replacement
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