Direct Measures of Availability and Judgments of Category Frequency

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Beyth-Marom ◽  
Baruch Fischhoff
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measures ◽  
Category Frequency

scholarly journals Direct measures of availability and judgments of category frequency

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Beyth-Marom ◽  
Baruch Fischhoff
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measures ◽  
Category Frequency

A comparison of direct measures of glycaemia and glycated blood proteins in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Winocour ◽  
Deepak Bhatnagar ◽  
Paramjeet Kalsi ◽  
Valerie F. Hillier ◽  
David C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Direct Measures

scholarly journals Early detection of cervical cancer in western Kenya: determinants of healthcare providers performing a gynaecological examination for abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Mwaliko ◽  
Guido Van Hal ◽  
Hilde Bastiaens ◽  
Stefan Van Dongen ◽  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Gynaecological Examination ◽  
Direct Measures

Abstract Background In western Kenya, women often present with late-stage cervical cancer despite prior contact with the health care system. The aim of this study was to predict primary health care providers’ behaviour in examining women who present with abnormal discharge or bleeding. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). A sample of primary health care practitioners in western Kenya completed a 59-item questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used to identify the determinants of providers’ intention to perform a gynaecological examination. Bivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between the external variables and intention. Results Direct measures of subjective norms (DMSN), direct measures of perceived behavioural control (DMPBC), and indirect measures of attitude predicted the intention to examine patients. Negative attitudes toward examining women had a suppressor effect on the prediction of health workers’ intentions. However, the predictors of intention with the highest coefficients were the external variables being a nurse (β = 0.32) as opposed to a clinical officer and workload of attending less than 50 patients per day (β = 0.56). In bivariate analysis with intention to perform a gynaecological examination, there was no evidence that working experience, being female, having a lower workload, or being a private practitioner were associated with a higher intention to conduct vaginal examinations. Clinical officers and nurses were equally likely to examine women. Conclusions The TPB is a suitable theoretical basis to predict the intention to perform a gynaecological examination. Overall, the model predicted 47% of the variation in health care providers’ intention to examine women who present with recurrent vaginal bleeding or discharge. Direct subjective norms (health provider’s conformity with what their colleagues do or expect them to do), PBC (providers need to feel competent and confident in performing examinations in women), and negative attitudes toward conducting vaginal examination accounted for the most variance. External variables in this study also contributed to the overall variance. As the model in this study could not explain 53% of the variance, investigating other external variables that influence the intention to examine women should be undertaken.

Do information technology (IT) capabilities affect hotel competitiveness?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
Nan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Study Results ◽  
It Capabilities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Direct Measures

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study adapts and extends Hua et al. (2015) and O’Neill et al. (2008) by incorporating the specific measures of IT expenditures as proxies for the relevant IT capabilities to explore the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Findings This study finds that expenditures on IT Labor, IT Systems and IT Websites exert different impacts on hotel competitiveness. In addition, IT capabilities exert both contemporary and lagged effects on hotel competitiveness. Originality/value This study is the first that uses financial data to capture direct measures of individual IT capabilities and tests the individual impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness from both contemporaneous and lagged perspectives. It uses a large same store sample of hotels in the USA from 2011 to 2017; as a result, the study results can be reasonably representative of the hotel population in the USA.

Comparing Direct Versus Indirect Measures of the Pedagogical Effectiveness of Team Testing

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Student Surveys ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Group Test ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Direct Measures

Direct measures (tests) of the pedagogical effectiveness of team testing and indirect measures (student surveys) of pedagogical effectiveness of team testing were collected in several sections of an undergraduate marketing course with varying levels of the use of team testing. The results indicate that although students perceived team testing to have a substantial impact on their learning, this pedagogy in fact had no impact on direct measures of learning. In an additional analysis, the performance of the team on the group test was best predicted by the best individual performance on the team. Possible explanations and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Will the (German) NAIRU Please Stand Up?

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Franz
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Analytical Instrument ◽  
Direct Measures

Abstract This paper deals with a critical assessment of the ‘non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment’ (NAIRU) for Germany. There are quite a few obstacles to perceiving the NAIRU as an easy-to-use analytical instrument: the possibility of a non-vertical Phillips curve, the occurrence of shocks and hysteresis effects, and the (mis-)measurement of important variables, cointegration issues and a time variability of the NAIRU. A new attempt is made to estimate a NAIRU for Germany using direct measures of inflationary expectations. However, by any method, the NAIRU is very hard to determine and subject to considerable arbitrariness.

Validation of a Measure of Sustainability of School-Wide Behavior Interventions and Supports

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Kittelman ◽  
Katherine W. Bromley ◽  
Sterett H. Mercer ◽  
Kent McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Behavior Interventions ◽  
Behavior Support ◽  
Universal Behavior ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Direct Measures

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability and validity of a measure assessing sustainability of school-wide behavior interventions, the School-Wide Universal Behavior Support Sustainability Index: School Teams (SUBSIST). We assessed the stability of the SUBSIST across 3 years of measurement. We also assessed the convergent validity of two key SUBSIST factors, Team Use of Data and District Capacity Building, with more direct measures of these constructs. Results showed stability of the measure across multiple years and statistically significant correlations when compared with other external measures. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Indirect and direct measures of striving for perfection moderate body mass index curves in the intensive treatment of anorexia nervosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Kathleen De Cuyper ◽  
Dirk Hermans ◽  
Guido Pieters ◽  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Kristof Vansteelandt
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Direct Measures

Lactate efflux from exercising human skeletal muscle: role of intracellular P O 2

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S. Richardson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Noyszewski ◽  
John S. Leigh ◽  
Peter D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Lactate Formation ◽  
Breathing Room ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Maximal Effort

It remains controversial whether lactate formation during progressive dynamic exercise from submaximal to maximal effort is due to muscle hypoxia. To study this question, we used direct measures of arterial and femoral venous lactate concentration, a thermodilution blood flow technique, phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and myoglobin (Mb) saturation measured by 1H nuclear MRS in six trained subjects performing single-leg quadriceps exercise. We calculated net lactate efflux from the muscle and intracellular[Formula: see text] with subjects breathing room air and 12% O2. Data were obtained at 50, 75, 90, and 100% of quadriceps maximal O2 consumption at each fraction of inspired O2. Mb saturation was significantly lower in hypoxia than in normoxia [40 ± 3 vs. 49 ± 3% (SE)] throughout incremental exercise to maximal work rate. With the assumption of a[Formula: see text] at which 50% of Mb-binding sites are bound with O2 of 3.2 Torr, Mb-associated [Formula: see text] averaged 3.1 ± 0.3 and 2.3 ± 0.2 Torr in normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Net blood lactate efflux was unrelated to intracellular[Formula: see text] across the range of incremental exercise to maximum ( r = 0.03 and 0.07 in normoxia and hypoxia, respectively) but linearly related to O2 consumption ( r = 0.97 and 0.99 in normoxia and hypoxia, respectively) with a greater slope in 12% O2. Net lactate efflux was also linearly related to intracellular pH ( r = 0.94 and 0.98 in normoxia and hypoxia, respectively). These data suggest that with increasing work rate, at a given fraction of inspired O2, lactate efflux is unrelated to muscle cytoplasmic [Formula: see text], yet the efflux is higher in hypoxia. Catecholamine values from comparable studies are included and indicate that lactate efflux in hypoxia may be due to systemic rather than intracellular hypoxia.

Lack of Cross-Resistance of Paraquat-Resistant Hairy Fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) to Other Toxic Oxygen Generators Indicates Enzymatic Protection is Not the Resistance Mechanism

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Vaughn ◽  
Martin A. Vaughan ◽  
Patrick Camilleri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Generator ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Singlet Oxygen Generator ◽  
Chlorophyll Bleaching ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Hairy Fleabane

Cross-resistance of the paraquat-resistant (R) hairy fleabane to other compounds that accept electrons from photosystem I (PSI) or produce toxic oxygen species was determined by chlorophyll loss, electron microscopy, and chlorophyll fluorescence suppression. Although the R bioype is approximately 100 x more resistant to paraquat than the susceptible (S) biotype based upon the assays for tissue damage, little or no cross-resistance was observed to a number of other PSI electron acceptors, including the bipyridilium herbicide morfamquat. A low level of resistance (approximately 10-fold) was noted to diquat and the singlet oxygen generator rose bengal. As measured by chlorophyll fluorescence suppression, the R biotype was about 100-fold resistant to paraquat, but only 10-fold resistant to diquat, and exhibited no resistance to morfamquat. Because differences observed with this protocol are direct measures of the ability of the herbicide to reach the active site and the results correlate with the level of resistance observed by chlorophyll bleaching or electron microscopy, these data suggest that compartmentalization is the major factor in paraquat resistance in hairy fleabane.

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