Wilson Cloud Formation by Low Altitude Nuclear Explosions,

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Waltz
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Low Altitude

Wilson Cloud formation by low-altitude nuclear explosions

1978 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-794
Author(s):  
R. E. Waltz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Simple Scaling ◽  
Low Altitude

A model of Wilson Cloud formation following a low-altitude nuclear detonation is developed. It is shown that, for detonation yields between 10−3 kt and 100 kt, simple scaling laws characterize the evolution and physical properties of the Wilson Cloud.

scholarly journals Diagnosing Warm Frontal Cloud Formation in a GCM: A Novel Approach Using Conditional Subsetting

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5827-5845 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Booth ◽  
Catherine M. Naud ◽  
Anthony D. Del Genio
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Local Fields ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
Warm Front ◽  
Low Altitude

Abstract This study analyzes characteristics of clouds and vertical motion across extratropical cyclone warm fronts in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model. The validity of the modeled clouds is assessed using a combination of satellite observations from CloudSat, Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), and the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis. The analysis focuses on developing cyclones, to test the model's ability to generate their initial structure. To begin, the extratropical cyclones and their warm fronts are objectively identified and cyclone-local fields are mapped into a vertical transect centered on the surface warm front. To further isolate specific physics, the cyclones are separated using conditional subsetting based on additional cyclone-local variables, and the differences between the subset means are analyzed. Conditional subsets are created based on 1) the transect clouds and 2) vertical motion; 3) the strength of the temperature gradient along the warm front, as well as the storm-local 4) wind speed and 5) precipitable water (PW). The analysis shows that the model does not generate enough frontal cloud, especially at low altitude. The subsetting results reveal that, compared to the observations, the model exhibits a decoupling between cloud formation at high and low altitudes across warm fronts and a weak sensitivity to moisture. These issues are caused in part by the parameterized convection and assumptions in the stratiform cloud scheme that are valid in the subtropics. On the other hand, the model generates proper covariability of low-altitude vertical motion and cloud at the warm front and a joint dependence of cloudiness on wind and PW.

A Formation of Pileus-like Veil Clouds Over Cape Cod, Massachusetts 1, 2

1951 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Starr Malkus ◽  
Andrew F. Bunker ◽  
Kenneth McCasland
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Temperature Contrast ◽  
Low Altitude

A case of low-altitude veil clouds from which cumulus later grew is studied by means of airplane, photographic, and synoptic data. Convergence due to the land-sea temperature contrast is indicated as the critical factor in this unusual cloud formation. This conclusion is further supported by an airplane study of the cumulus structure.

A comparative study of ground-pressure waves in various atmospheric models

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 1731-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Dispersion Curves ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
Low Altitude

Dispersion curves and stationary phase contributions to theoretical ground-pressure waves from low-altitude nuclear explosions are presented for model atmospheres containing winds. Comparison is made with previously published results. It is shown that the reflection of waves above an altitude of 120 km can result in certain effects in waves with periods greater than 5 minutes. These effects are readily observable in microbarographic records associated with nuclear explosions. It is shown that winds can have a pronounced effect on wave characteristics at periods between 1 and 10 minutes. It is concluded that the effects of low-atmospheric winds are best observed in the behavior of waves of periods less than 4 minutes. Details are given of the numerical procedures followed in obtaining results.

Solar Flare Energetic Neutral Emission Measurements in the Project Coronas-I

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 635-639
Author(s):  
J. Baláž ◽  
A. V. Dmitriev ◽  
M. A. Kovalevskaya ◽  
K. Kudela ◽  
S. N. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Shape Discrimination ◽  
Solar Neutron ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractThe experiment SONG (SOlar Neutron and Gamma rays) for the low altitude satellite CORONAS-I is described. The instrument is capable to provide gamma-ray line and continuum detection in the energy range 0.1 – 100 MeV as well as detection of neutrons with energies above 30 MeV. As a by-product, the electrons in the range 11 – 108 MeV will be measured too. The pulse shape discrimination technique (PSD) is used.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document