A Multi-Level Organization for Problem Solving Using Many, Diverse, Cooperating Sources of Knowledge

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee D. Erman ◽  
Victor R. Lesser
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Multi Level

An AI-Based Approach for the Integration of Multiple Sources of Knowledge to Aid Engineering Design

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Mayer ◽  
S. C.-Y. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Knowledge Engineer ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
System User ◽  
Basic Ideas

A model for integrating multiple sources of knowledge within engineering expert systems is presented. It allows possible conflicts between multiple knowledge sources to be logically resolved at run-time rather than during the knowledge acquisition stage. Unlike the traditional approach in which the knowledge engineer is responsible for resolving conflicting views, resolutions are dynamically accomplished by the knowledge sources themselves and/or by system users. The system user is included as a problem-solving colleague to select a proper strategy from those offered by different experts. Both qualitative and quantitative constraints are traced during problem solving and can be retracted if necessary. The model has been successfully implemented in an engineering design domain to demonstrate the basic ideas. This research is our first step in a long-term effort to develop a cooperative problem-solving paradigm for knowledge-based engineering systems.

Dynamics of a critical problem-solving project team and creativity in a multiple-project environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitose Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Project Environment ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Multi Level

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the dynamics of critical problem-solving (CPS) project teams and creativity throughout a project’s duration, in a multiple-project environment with consideration of the project’s external factors, such as customer situations. In addition, behavioural elements of the CPS project – multiple team memberships, cross-understanding and the transactive memory system – will be investigated in a multiple-project environment. Design/methodology/approach – This paper investigates the dynamics of a CPS project team and creativity in a global software support organisation by conducting semi-structured interviews in Japan and Germany. There were 53 interviewees in Japan and 51 in Germany. The results presented in this paper show the outcomes of a qualitative study, specifically focusing on the processes of CPS projects using thematic analysis. In the discussion section, propositions are given based on this research’s findings as well as existing literature to denote future research possibilities. Findings – The results of this study suggest that creativity to resolve critical problems in a project team occurs by integrating diverse information and knowledge at multi-level organisational units. They suggest that managerial functions are crucial to determining project composition, and appropriate project environments are created by facilitating multiple team memberships at multi-level organisational units. Originality/value – For the academic domain, the findings have contributed to the fields of project and human resource management, and team management in a multiple-project environment. To practitioners, this study shows the importance of managing multiple projects by considering human behaviour perspectives when solving critical problems.

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