A Revised Computer Program for Axial Compressor Design. Volume 2. Program Listing and Program Use Example

Author(s):  
Richard M. Hearsey
Author(s):  
Milan Banjac ◽  
Milan V. Petrovic

An axial compressor loss and deviation model that was developed and presented during previous research has now been used to develop a computer program for multistage compressor design. A set of input data including overall parameters such as pressure ratio and mass flow rate and the first-stage parameters such as inlet flow coefficient and rotor tip Mach number are used to determine a number of stages and their geometry, speed and relevant flow properties. Then a subsequent redistribution of parameters for separate stages can be carried out in order to increase the stability indicators and efficiency over a desired operating range. A selected stage vortex law determines velocity triangles and blading geometry for hub and tip sections, which allows the generation of a realistic flow path shape. The developed program is considered to be a flexible and stable tool useful for tasks of manual or automated optimization when combined with an external optimization algorithm. This paper presents a basic mathematical model and the level of accuracy achieved. This is demonstrated through examples of manual design and redesign cases, while automated optimization will be included in future research.


Author(s):  
Milan Banjac ◽  
Milan V. Petrovic

Part I of this paper presents a method and a computer program for the mean design of multistage axial compressors. This second part describes a method and an additional computer routine that use the basic mean line design to create a fully two-dimensional flow solution and a compressor design. The two-dimensional solution according to a selected swirl vortex function is calculated using streamline curvature throughflow equations and spanwise distribution of losses. An iterative calculation procedure slightly reshapes the initial flow path in order to retain the desired input flow coefficients. Other variables such as stage loading parameters are changed in order to obtain the desired overall pressure ratio. A spanwise distribution of certain stage parameters can then be adjusted to achieve desired radial flow field variations. The basic one-dimensional input data can be varied at any moment to obtain a new one-dimensional result and the corresponding two-dimensional solution. A new output is created instantaneously and can be used for further CFD analysis, external throughflow, blade-to-blade flow computations or mechanical and vibration analysis.


Author(s):  
Lucheng Ji ◽  
Jiang Chen ◽  
Feng Lin

As a means of improving axial compressor performance, sweep technique has been investigated for over half a century and gained wide uses, in the past one decade. However, there is still diverse controversy about the roles of sweep in axial compressor design. In this paper, historical remarks about the sweep are presented firstly. Then, an understanding about the role of sweep is put forward. That is, the sweep is a degree of freedom (DOF) of blade design that emphasizes on matching the aerodynamic loading of every blade element along the whole span within the full operation range. The present understanding about the role of sweep may lead it a more sophisticated use.


Author(s):  
K. W. Ramsden

The implementation of new technology in the gas turbine industry is accelerating at a rate which demands increasing specialisation by its engineering design staff. Simultaneously, this industry has been adopting concurrent engineering practices to reduce product lead-time. Accordingly, the industry now requires its engineers to acquire early competence in a wide range of technological disciplines. In addition, the individual must have a thorough understanding of the impact of component design decisions on both other components and on the engine as a whole. Against this background, gas turbine educational providers must respond to these increasing demands with teaching programmes that facilitate a faster and deeper understanding of this very complex product. The ambition of the teacher, however, to adequately prepare the student will continue to be limited by time constraints within lecture courses. Hitherto, this has normally resulted in class worked examples which are necessarily narrow in scope and confined to a limited range of design cases. This paper describes a teaching methodology which is structured to facilitate in-depth understanding of the key interactions between aerodynamics, thermodynamics and mechanical integrity arising in axial compressor design optimisation. This is achieved interactively through a combination of lectures, a hand worked multistage preliminary compressor design, a series of personal computer based design optimisation workshops and a final collective design assessment.


Author(s):  
Shashank Mishra ◽  
Shaaban Abdallah ◽  
Mark Turner

Multistage axial compressor has an advantage of lower stage loading as compared to a single stage. Several stages with low pressure ratio are linked together which allows for multiplication of pressure to generate high pressure ratio in an axial compressor. Since each stage has low pressure ratio they operate at a higher efficiency and the efficiency of multi-stage axial compressor as a whole is very high. Although, single stage centrifugal compressor has higher pressure ratio compared with an axial compressor but multistage centrifugal compressors are not as efficient because the flow has to be turned from radial at outlet to axial at inlet for each stage. The present study explores the advantages of extending the axial compressor efficient flow path that consist of rotor stator stages to the centrifugal compressor stage. In this invention, two rotating rows of blades are mounted on the same impeller disk, separated by a stator blade row attached to the casing. A certain amount of turning can be achieved through a single stage centrifugal compressor before flow starts separating, thus dividing it into multiple stages would be advantageous as it would allow for more flow turning. Also the individual stage now operate with low pressure ratio and high efficiency resulting into an overall increase in pressure ratio and efficiency. The baseline is derived from the NASA low speed centrifugal compressor design which is a 55 degree backward swept impeller. Flow characteristics of the novel multistage design are compared with a single stage centrifugal compressor. The flow path of the baseline and multi-stage compressor are created using 3DBGB tool and DAKOTA is used to optimize the performance of baseline as well novel design. The optimization techniques used are Genetic algorithm followed by Numerical Gradient method. The optimization resulted into improvements in incidence and geometry which significantly improved the performance over baseline compressor design. The multistage compressor is more efficient with a higher pressure ratio compared with the base line design for the same work input and initial conditions.


Author(s):  
P. Deregel ◽  
C. S. Tan

This paper addresses the causal link first described by Smith between the unsteady flow induced by the rotor wakes and the compressor steady-state performance. As an initial step, inviscid flow in a compressor stage is examined. First of a kind numerical simulations are carried out to show that if the rotor wakes are mixed out after (as opposed to before) the stator passage, the time-averaged overall static pressure rise is increased and the mixing loss is reduced. An analytical model is also presented and shown to agree with the numerical results; the model is then used to examine the parametric trends associated with compressor design parameters.


Author(s):  
Tobias Schmidt ◽  
Jan Lorenz ◽  
Volker Gümmer ◽  
Andreas Hupfer

Abstract In axial compressor design for aero engines high system efficiency and operational stability are two main objectives. Both depend on clearance-induced losses. Previous investigations at the Institute have resulted in a passive clearance controlled compressor design using additively manufactured auxetic casing structures. The extension to an active clearance controlled device to keep an approximately constant tip gap ratio during the entire flight mission is currently investigated. Constructive on these deliverables, the implementation of tip blowing casing treatment modification in a double-walled compressor casing including an auxetic inner structure is covered in this work and studied for maximum load conditions by means of Finite Element Analysis. The idea to supplement the current auxetic casing construction with casing treatment modification emerges from the aspiration to generate further stability improvements in the high-pressure domain and the exploitation of the design freedom provided by additive manufacturing. Key issues addressed in this work by conducting parameter studies are casing treatment positioning and corresponding structural correlations depending on circumferential quantity. The evaluation section concentrates mainly on the calculated stress level associated with tip blowing casing treatments because this value is crucial for prospective fatigue predictions. In order to compare the results, the auxetic casing structure without casing treatment modification serves as reference. Promising solutions for local stress reductions are also proposed and discussed. From a structural mechanics perspective, the casing treatment modification generates very high and comparable notch stress levels at each position. Placing the casing treatments at the framework of the auxetic cells and splitting the inner casing ring results in tolerable stress levels.


1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Frost ◽  
Richard M. Hearsey ◽  
Arthur J. Wennerstrom

2017 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 012096
Author(s):  
V.N. Matveev ◽  
O.V. Baturin ◽  
D.A. Kolmakova ◽  
G.M. Popov

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