The Relationship Between Sound Levels In the Postanesthesia Care Unit and Use of Analgesics

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie B. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Postanesthesia Care Unit ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Snoring: a source of noise pollution and sleep apnea predictor

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudiaga Sowho ◽  
Francis Sgambati ◽  
Michelle Guzman ◽  
Hartmut Schneider ◽  
Alan Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Single Night ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Snoring is a highly prevalent condition associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep disturbance in bed partners. Objective measurements of snoring in the community, however, are limited. The present study was designed to measure sound levels produced by self-reported habitual snorers in a single night. Snorers were excluded if they reported nocturnal gasping or had severe obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2). Sound was measured by a monitor mounted 65 cm over the head of the bed on an overnight sleep study. Snoring was defined as sound ≥40 dB(A) during flow limited inspirations. The apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and breath-by-breath peak decibel levels were measured. Snore breaths were tallied to determine the frequency and intensity of snoring. Regression models were used to determine the relationship between objective measures of snoring and OSA (AHI ≥ 5 events/h). The area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to predict OSA. Snoring intensity exceeded 45 dB(A) in 66% of the 162 participants studied, with 14% surpassing the 53 dB(A) threshold for noise pollution. Snoring intensity and frequency were independent predictors of OSA. AUCs for snoring intensity and frequency were 77% and 81%, respectively, and increased to 87% and 89%, respectively, with the addition of age and sex as predictors. Snoring represents a source of noise pollution in the bedroom and constitutes an important target for mitigating sound and its adverse effects on bed partners. Precise breath-by-breath identification and quantification of snoring also offers a way to risk stratify otherwise healthy snorers for OSA.

scholarly journals Noise and Air Pollution Related to Health in Urban Environments

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Rosendo Vílchez-Gómez ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Pedro Atanasio-Moraga ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
European Environmental Agency ◽  
Environmental Health Risk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental noise is a pollutant considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a threat to public health due to its harmful effects on human health. In this regard, the European Environmental Agency (EEA) indicates that road traffic is the sound source that generates the greatest number of people exposed in Europe to sound levels above what is recommended by the European Noise Directive. In a similar way, the EEA also reports that air pollution is the most important environmental health risk in Europe, where road traffic is one of the main sources of emission of polluting gases. The relationship between both pollutants, leads to think about the development of common strategies. This paper presents a review on recent researches about the relationship of these two types of pollution in urban environments with different types of diseases.

Patterns of Delirium in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Associations With Noise Pollution

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662110556
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Weatherhead ◽  
Matthew Niedner ◽  
Mary K. Dahmer ◽  
Nasuh Malas ◽  
Toni Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

Objective Delirium is a common problem in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and is associated with increased length of stay, cost and mortality. This study evaluated the relationship between noise pollution and delirium risk. Design: This is a Quality Improvement (QI) initiative at an academic PICU. Sound levels were monitored and patients were screened for delirium using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD). Setting PICU Patients: All PICU patients Interventions: None Measurements and Main Results: Over the 83-week study period (2015-2017), the median [IQR] CAPD score was 8 [3 to 14]. Nursing compliance with the CAPD was 72.2%. The proportion of patients screening positive for delirium (CAPD ≥ 9) was 45.9%. A total of 329 711 hly decibel (dB) measurements were collected and reported. Occupied rooms were louder than unoccupied rooms (51.8 [51.6-51.9] dB vs. 49.8 [49.7-49.9] dB, respectively, p < 0.001). Days (10 AM to 4 PM) were louder than nights (11 PM to 5 AM) (52.8 [52.7-53.0] dB vs. 50.7 [49.9-51.5] dB, respectively p < 0.001) in occupied rooms. Winter (Nov-Feb) months were louder than summer (May-Aug) months (52.0 [51.8-52.3] dB vs. 51.5 [51.3-51.7] dB, respectively, p < 0.002) in occupied rooms. Median weekly nighttime noise levels and CAPD scores demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.6 ( p < 0.001). Median weekly risk of mortality (ROM) and CAPD scores demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.15 ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: Significant noise pollution exists in the PICU with a moderate correlation between nighttime noise levels and CAPD scores. This could potentially implicate noise pollution as a risk factor for the development of delirium.

Characterization of Noise in Eating Establishments Based on Psychoacoustic Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onurcan Çakir ◽  
Zeynep Sevinç ◽  
Mustafa Emre İlal
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Lombard Effect ◽  
Architectural Acoustics ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Relationship

Noise in eating establishments has been studied in architectural acoustics literature. For evaluating acoustics in these spaces, researchers predominantly investigate sound pressure levels and reverberation times. Yet, noise in eating spaces originate from a wide variety of sources and is hard to describe and evaluate with only sound pressure levels and reverberation times. Better metrics for acoustics in closed public spaces are needed. Psychoacoustic parameters of loudness, sharpness, fluctuation strength and roughness are promising metrics that have been used by many recent studies evaluating noise annoyance. However, unlike the established metrics such as reverberation time, no set of recommended values exist for these parameters, yet. The aim of this study is to investigate noise in eating establishments through psychoacoustic parameters and understand both the noise characteristics and the metrics themselves. This paper presents a set of sound recordings during lunch hours in two eating spaces in Izmir Institute of Technology. The entry and egress of occupants have been tracked manually, while sound levels have been measured and the noise has been recorded for psychoacoustics analysis. The relationship between the number of occupants and psychoacoustic parameters has been investigated through these objective measurements. The relationship between the number of occupants and sound levels is discussed in the light of the Lombard effect.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Urban Quiet Areas and Perceived Restorative Benefits

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Payne ◽  
Neil Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Place Experience ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Urban Square ◽  
The Relationship

To help mitigate the adverse health impacts of environmental noise, European cities are recommended to identify urban quiet areas for preservation. Procedures for identifying urban quiet areas vary across cities and between countries, and little is known of the strength of the salutogenic (health-promoting) benefits they may provide. Taking a multi-site approach, this study examines the potential of three sites as urban quiet areas and their associated health benefits, particularly in relation to perceived restorative benefits. Across three cities in the United Kingdom, an urban garden, urban park, and an urban square had sound pressure levels measured. Responses from 151 visitors to these sites evaluated the place as quiet, calm, and tranquil, and assessed their experience of the place in terms of perceived sounds, its benefits, how it made them feel, and perceived restoration. Depending on the criteria used, the sites varied in their suitability as urban quiet areas, although all provided perceived health benefits. Relationships between sound levels (subjective and objective) and perceived restoration were not linear, with the type of sounds heard and other aspects of the place experience believed to affect the relationship. Building on this work, a future experimental approach based on the study sites is planned to manipulate the multiple variables involved. This will provide a clearer understanding of the relationship between urban quiet areas and perceived restorative benefits.

scholarly journals Noise Estimation Using Road and Urban Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Rey Gozalo ◽  
Enrique Suárez ◽  
Alexandra L. Montenegro ◽  
Jorge P. Arenas ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
Private Transportation ◽  
The Relationship

Noise pollution must be considered to achieve sustainable cities because current levels of exposure to environmental noise are a considerable risk to the health and quality of life of citizens. Urban features and sound levels were registered in 150 streets in the Chilean cities of Talca and Valdivia to analyze the relationship between both types of variables. Urban variables related to street location, urban land use, street geometry, road traffic control, and public and private transportation showed very significant correlations with the noise levels, and multiple regression models were developed from these variables for each city. Models using only urban variables in Valdivia and Talca explained 71% and 73%, respectively, of the variability of noise. The prediction error was similar in the different types of urban roads and did not exhibit significant differences between models developed in different cities. The urban models developed in one city could, therefore, be used in other similar cities. Considering the usefulness of these variables in urban planning, these models can be a useful tool for urban planners and decision-makers to implement action plans regarding noise pollution.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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