Senior Officer Debriefing Report: II Field Force Vietnam Artillery, Period 21 May 1969 to 20 November 1969

The first of a new series of archaeological inventories for Ireland has been published. Christopher Taylor – himself a senior officer of the English commission with the equivalent role – goes beyond Louth to give a personal view of the whole business of published monument inventories.

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Improving Propulsion Efficiency of Ships using Retractable Bridge

10.5957/smc-2012-p47 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Chilukuri Maheshwar

Keyword(s):

Remote Control ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Steam Pressure ◽

Fair Weather ◽

Propulsion Efficiency ◽

Engine Room ◽

Engine Order ◽

Senior Officer ◽

Screw Propeller ◽

Actual Control

Traditionally, sailing ships were commanded from the quarter deck, aft of the mainmast. With the arrival of paddle steamers, engineers required a platform from which they could inspect the paddle wheels and where the captain's view would not be obstructed by the paddle houses. A raised walkway, literally a bridge, connecting the paddle houses was therefore provided. When the screw propeller superseded the paddle wheel, the bridge was retained. Commands would be passed from the senior officer on the bridge to stations dispersed throughout the ship, where physical control of the ship was exercised, as technology did not exist for the remote control of steering or machinery. Helm orders would be passed to an enclosed wheel house, where the coxswain or helmsman operated the ship's wheel. Engine commands would be relayed to the engineer in the engine room by an engine order telegraph, which displayed the captain's orders on a dial. The engineer would ensure that the correct combination of steam pressure and engine revolutions were applied. The bridge was often open to the elements, therefore a weatherproof pilot house could be provided, from which a pilot, who was traditionally the ship's navigating officer, could issue commands from shelter. Iron, and later steel, ships also required a compass platform. This was usually a tower, where a magnetic compass could be sited far away as possible from the ferrous interference of the hulk of the ship. Depending upon the design and layout of a ship, all of these terms can be variously interchangeable. Many ships still have a flying bridge, a platform atop the pilot house, open to weather, containing a binnacle and voice tubes to allow the conning officer to direct the ship from a higher position during fair weather conditions. The concept was that the higher you are situated, the better and farther you could see. Larger ships, often had a navigation bridge which would be used for the actual conning of the ship. Modern advances in remote control equipment have seen progressive transfer of the actual control of the ship to the bridge. The wheel and engines can be operated directly from the bridge, controlling often-unmanned machinery spaces. Today, Monkey Island and Crow’s nest have become so archaic that people have forgotten their meaning as they have been deleted from contemporary marine glossaries.

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Peculiarities of communicative situations of border guards professional discourse

Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World ◽

10.17721/2520-6397.2021.2.06 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 87-94

Author(s):

I. V. Mishchynska

Keyword(s):

Mass Media ◽

The State ◽

Educational Materials ◽

Normative Documents ◽

Senior Officer ◽

Determining Factors ◽

Oral Speech ◽

Written Form ◽

The Media ◽

Characteristic Features

Specific features of border discourse as a special form of social interaction are considered in the article. The characteristic features of communicative situations of border discourse are highlighted. The conditions under which modern border discourse takes place are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the professional speech of border guards, which is characterized by professional border guard vocabulary, depending on the field of communication. Discourse is a complex communicative event or sociolinguistic structure created by interlocutors in specific communicative, social and pragmatic situations. Border discourse exists in two forms: the oral form and written form. Oral border discourse is the communication between people in the line of duty. It can be a conversation between two servicemen, between an officer and a person crossing the state border of Ukraine, or a senior officer and a subordinate serviceperson. Written border discourse is secondary to oral speech. Written speech is actually dialogical. The material of the research is presented by normative documents, educational materials, materials of mass media, in which the communicative situations of the border discourse are presented. The place of speech situations of border discourse is determined by the sphere of activity of communicators and the method of communication: personal or indirect means of communication (telephone conversations, Internet, correspondence by regular or e-mail, mass media, etc. Participants in speech situations within this discourse are border guards, academics who teach disciplines related to the activities of border guards, members of the media who cover issues related to border activities, as well as ordinary citizens involved in border discourse when crossing the state border. Motives of communication and speech intentions of communicators are determining factors in the selection of language means to achieve the communicative goal. Areas in which the border discourse takes place are official receptions, meetings, conferences, press conferences, negotiations, command and staff exercises, conferences, training situations with the use of professional border guard vocabulary, regulations, official situations at checkpoints.

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