THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE FACTORS IN THE RECOGNITION OF AMBIGUOUS VISUAL STIMULI

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Frederiksen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Cognitive Factors

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Familiarity in the Perception of Depth

Vision ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Mischenko ◽  
Ippei Negishi ◽  
Elena S. Gorbunova ◽  
Tadamasa Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Depth Order

Bishop Berkeley suggested that the distance of an object can be estimated if the object’s size is familiar to the observer. It has been suggested that humans can perceive the distance of the object by using such “familiarity” information, but most or many of the prior experiments that found an effect of familiarity were not designed to minimize or eliminate potential influences of: higher cognitive factors on the observers’ responses, or the influences of low-level image features in the visual stimuli used. We looked for the familiarity effect in two experiments conducted both in Russia and Japan. The visual stimuli used were images of three coins used in Russia and Japan. The participants’ depth perception was measured with a multiple-choice task testing the perceived depth-order of the coins. Our expectation was that any effect of “familiarity” on depth perception would only be observed with the coins of the participant’s country. We expected a substantial familiarity effect based on our meta-analysis of the “familiarity” effects observed in prior experiments. But, our results in both experiments showed that the familiarity effect was virtually zero. These findings suggest that the importance of a familiarity effect in depth perception should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Examining the role of familiarity in the perception of depth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Mischenko ◽  
Ippei Negishi ◽  
Elena Gorbunova ◽  
Tadamasa Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Familiarity Effect ◽  
Depth Order

Bishop Berkeley suggested that the distance of an object can be estimated if the object’s size is familiar to the observer. It has been suggested that humans can perceive the distance of the object by using such “familiarity” information, but most or many of the prior experiments that found an effect of familiarity were not designed to minimize, or eliminate potential influences of: higher cognitive factors on the observers' responses, or the influences of low-level image features in the visual stimuli used. We looked for the familiarity effect in two experiments conducted both in Russia and in Japan. The visual stimuli used were images of three coins used in Russia and in Japan. The participants' depth perception was measured with a multiple-choice task testing the perceived depth-order of the coins. Our expectation was that any effect of “familiarity” on depth perception would only be observed with the coins of the participant's country. We expected a substantial familiarity effect based on our meta-analysis of the "familiarity" effects observed in prior experiments. But, our results in both experiments showed that the familiarity effect was virtually zero. These findings suggest that the importance of a familiarity effect in depth perception should be reconsidered.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

scholarly journals To sext or not to sext. The role of social-cognitive processes in the decision to engage in sexting

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1429
Author(s):  
Claire Wilson ◽  
Tommy van Steen ◽  
Christabel Akinyode ◽  
Zara P. Brodie ◽  
Graham G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Technology has given rise to online behaviors such as sexting. It is important that we examine predictors of such behavior in order to understand who is more likely to sext and thus inform intervention aimed at sexting awareness. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine sexting beliefs and behavior. Participants (n = 418; 70.3% women) completed questionnaires assessing attitudes (instrumental and affective), subjective norms (injunctive and descriptive), control perceptions (self-efficacy and controllability) and intentions toward sexting. Specific sexting beliefs (fun/carefree beliefs, perceived risks and relational expectations) were also measured and sexting behavior reported. Relationship status, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and self-efficacy were associated with sexting intentions. Relationship status, intentions and self-efficacy related to sexting behavior. Results provide insight into the social-cognitive factors related to individuals’ sexting behavior and bring us closer to understanding what beliefs predict the behavior.

Sleep disturbance in individuals with physical disabilities and chronic pain: The role of physical, emotional and cognitive factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío de la Vega ◽  
Jordi Miró ◽  
Rosa Esteve ◽  
Carmen Ramírez-Maestre ◽  
Alicia E. López-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Cognitive Factors
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