scholarly journals SOME AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF VARYING THE BODY LENGTH AND HEAD LENGTH OF A SPINNING PROJECTILE

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Spinning Projectile

scholarly journals Assessment of body weight and morphological traits of two breed of grower pigs using principal component analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
P.O. Akporhuarho ◽  
O. Iriakpe
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Large White ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
The Mean

The study aimed at explaining objectively the relationship between morphologic traits of two breeds of pigs (Large-white and Duroc) using principal component analysis to determine the body size of grower pigs of two different breeds with a view of identifying components that best define body conformation. Body weight and five biometric variables namely head length, body length, body girth, ham length and ear length. The descriptive statistics showed that the mean body weight of Large-white was 13.14kg while the body measurements were 24.61cm, 71.35cm, 65.12cm, 43.13cm and 21.94cm for head length, body length, body girth, ham length and ear length respectively at 5 – 24 weeks of age. The mean body weight of Duroc was 12.87kg while the body measurements were 23.70cm, 57.93cm, 47.93cm, 22.90cm, 19.26cm for head length, body length, body girth, ham length and ear length respectively. The coefficient of correlation ranges from 0.08-0.424 and 0.01-0.402 for Large-white and Duroc respectively. The association between and were the highest for Duroc, body length r=0.402 and Large-white, body girth 0.424. Two components were identified for Large-white while those of Duroc were three components. The ratios of variance were 53.55 and 71.07% for Large-white and Duroc, respectively. The first factor in each case accounted for the biggest percentage of the total variation, and was designated the general size, the other factors (indices of body shape) offer forms of variation independent of the general size. The principal component based regression models which were chosen for selecting animals for optimal balance accounted for 58 and 76% of the variation in the body weight for Large-white and Duroc respectively. The study concluded that the use of principal component analysis techniques tends to explore the interdependence in the original five parameters measured: head length, body length, body girth, ham length and ear length of Large-white and Duroc     L'étude explique objectivement la relation entre les traits morphologiques de deux races de porcs (gros blanc et de Duroc) à l'aide d'une analyse de composants principaux afin de déterminer la taille du corps des porcs de producteurs de deux races différentes en vue d'identifier les composants qui définissent le mieux la conformation corporelle. Poids corporel et cinq variables biométriques, nommément longueur de la tête, longueur du corps, circonférence du corps, longueur du jambon et longueur de l'oreille. Les statistiques descriptives ont montré que le poids corporel moyen de gros blanc était de 13,14 kg tandis que les mesures du corps étaient de 24,61 cm, 71,35 cm, 65,12 cm, 43,13 cm et 21,94 cm pour la longueur de la tête, la longueur du corps, la circonférence du corps, la longueur du jambon et la longueur de l'oreille respectivement à 5 - 24 semaines. Le poids corporel moyen de Duroc était de 12,87 kg tandis que les mesures du corps étaient de 23,70 cm, 57,93 cm, 47,93 cm, 22,90 cm, 19,26 cm pour la longueur de la tête, la longueur du corps, la circonférence du corps, la longueur du jambon et la longueur de l'oreille respectivement. Le coefficient de corrélation varie de 0,08 à 0,424 et de 0,01 à 0,402 pour les gros blancs et Duroc respectivement. L'association entre et étaient les plus élevées pour Duroc, la longueur du corps R = 0,402 et de gros blancs, la circonférence du corps 0,424. Deux composants ont été identifiés pour les gros blancs tandis que ceux de Duroc étaient trois composants. Les ratios de variance étaient respectivement de 53,55 et 71,07% pour les gros blancs et Duroc. Le premier facteur de chaque cas représentait le plus gros pourcentage de la variation totale et a été désigné la taille générale, les autres facteurs (indices de la forme du corps) offrent des formes de variation indépendantes de la taille générale. Les principaux modèles de régression basés sur les composants choisis pour sélectionner des animaux pour un solde optimal représentaient 58 et 76% de la variation du poids corporel pour les grands blancs et Duroc respectivement. L'étude a conclu que l'utilisation de techniques d'analyse des composants principaux a tendance à explorer l'interdépendance dans les cinq paramètres d'origines mesurées: longueur de la tête, longueur du corps, circonférence corporelle, longueur du jambon et longueur de l'oreille de grosse blanc et de Duroc

Prediction of body dimensions of Mule and Scottish Blackface ewes from measurement of body weight

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Sharples ◽  
J. Dumelow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Weight Range

ABSTRACTThe body dimensions and live weight of 126 Mule (Bluefaced Leicester × Scottish Blackface) and Scottish Blackface ewes were measured during the 1986/87 housing season. Body dimensions included: head and neck length, body length, diagonal body length, height to withers, height to rump, girth at widest point, heart girth, width at widest point and width at shoulders. It was found that most body dimensions varied greatly with body weight. However, some body dimensions such as head length were found to be independent of weight within the weight range studied. Prediction equations are presented for each body dimensions for unshorn sheep.These predictions can be used as a basis for the design of sheep housing, for example, trough space allowances, design of feeders or as a biological basis for space allowance.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN MORFOMETRIK KUDA DI KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT DAN DI NUSANTARA POLO CLUB BOGOR JAWA BARAT

ZOOTEC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Grantino F. Turangan ◽  
Umar Paputungan ◽  
Zulkifli Poli ◽  
Agustinus Lomboan
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
West Java ◽  
Chest Girth

This study was done to evaluate the phenotypic comparison of the body measurements for genetic improvement of running horses at West Tompaso district and those at Nusantara Polo Club Bogor West Java.. Total of forty four running horses consisted of twenty two horses from Nusantara Polo Club Bogor and twenty two horses from West Tompaso district were used in this study. Observation was conducted on November 2016 - January 2017 using purposive sampling method to measure body size of horses. The pregnant horses were excluded in this. The variables measured in this study were including chest girth, chest wide, chest depth, shoulder height, hip height, hip wide, body length, neck length, head wide, and head length. Results showed that body measurements of horses at West Tompaso district tended bigger in the sizes of hip wide, head wide and head length compared with those of horses at Nusantara Polo Club Bogor West Java. While, the body measurements of horses at Nusantara Polo Club Bogor West Java tended bigger in the sizes of chest girth, shoulder height, body length and neck length compared with those at West Tompaso district.Key words: Morfometrik, horse

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Bembidion minimum (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-269
Author(s):  
V. O. Komlyk ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Angular Characteristic ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Morphological variability is the result of interaction between genetic diversity of the population and environmental selection. Despite the large number of studies of morphological variability of ground beetles, there is very little research dedicated to influence of environmental factors on it. This article discusses the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the variability of Bembidion minimum (Fabricius, 1792). B. minimum is a West Palearctic species which is distributed in North Africa, Europe, Western Asia. It is a macropterous species that lives in humid biotopes along the shores of seas, rivers and standing water bodies. 410 specimens were collected from 12 ecosystems differing by plant cover, degree of litter development, mechanical composition of the soil, mineralization and acidity of soil solution, type and intensity of anthropogenic impact. 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic, density of elytra puncturing and contrast of spots on the beetles’ elytra were measured. Additionally 6 morphometric indices were calculated. More than a third of the variability of imagoes in the studied populations was found to be determined by the general body size. Sexual dimorphism was observed on all linear parameters and most morphometric indices. Females do not differ from males in the back angles of the prothorax. Natural and anthropogenic factors to a greater or lesser degree were shown to affect the morphological variability of B. minimum: soil acidity and mineralization have the greatest impact. The soil acidity causes significant variability of most linear parameters; mineralization – body length, head length, prothorax length and width, elytra width. Plant cover and mechanical composition of the soil have a slight impact on imago morphology. The type and structure of vegetation significantly affect head width, prothorax length and width, and the mechanical composition of the soil – body length and head length. Degree of litter development does not cause significant changes in the linear dimensions of beetles. With thickening of the litter the posterior spots on the elytra become brighter, they have sharper contours, and density of elytra puncturing also changes. The mean value of the back angles is affected by the herb layer of meadow vegetation, soil mineralization and acidity. The variability of morphometric indexes under the influence of natural factors was found to be lower than variability of linear characteristics. The recreational load and cattle grazing cause similar changes in linear measurements and morphometric indexes of B. minimum. With escalation of these factors, the body length, length and width of elytra of both females and males decrease. Assessing the natural morphological variability of populations in ecosystems whose environmental factors are within extreme and sub-extreme values for a given population is a promising direction of research in modern ecology.

scholarly journals Digital 3D models of theropods for approaching body-mass distribution and volume

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Reolid ◽  
Francisco J. Cardenal ◽  
Jesús Reolid
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Skull Length ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
Primitive Forms

AbstractThe aim of this work is to obtain diverse morphometric data from digitized 3D models of scientifically accurate palaeoreconstructions of theropods from eight representative families. The analysed polyvinyl chloride (PVC) models belong to the genera Coelophysis, Dilophosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus, Baryonyx, Carnotaurus, Giganotosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus. The scanned 3D models were scaled considering different body-size estimations of the literature. The 3D analysis of these genera provides information on the skull length and body length that allows for recognition of major evolutionary trends. The skull length/body length in the studied genera increases according with the size of the body from the smallest Coelophysis with a ratio of 0.093 to ratios of 0.119–0.120 for Tyrannosaurus and Giganotosaurus, the largest study theropods. The study of photogrammetric 3D models also provides morphometric information that cannot be obtained from the study of bones alone, but knowing that all reconstructions begin from the fossil bones, such as the surface/volume ratio (S/V). For the studied theropod genera surface/volume ratio ranges from 35.21 for Coelophysis to 5.55 for Tyrannosaurus. This parameter, closely related to the heat dissipation, help in the characterization of the metabolism of extinct taxa. Accordingly, slender primitive forms of the Early Jurassic (i.e. Coelophysis and Dilophosaurus) had relatively smaller skulls and higher mass-specific metabolic rates than the robust large theropods of the Cretaceous (i.e. Giganotosaurus and Tyrannosaurus). This work presents a technique that, when applied to proper dinosaur models, provides extent and accurate data that may help in diverse study areas within the dinosaur palaeontology and palaeobiology.

The philometrid nematodePhilometroides acreanensis n. sp. from the stomach wall of the catfishPimelodus blochiiin north-western Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H.O. Cavalcante ◽  
F. Moravec ◽  
C.P. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stomach Wall ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
South American

AbstractA new nematode species,Philometroides acreanensisn. sp. (Philometridae), is described from female specimens recovered from the stomach wall of the freshwater catfishPimelodus blochiiValenciennes (Pimelodidae) collected in the Acre River (Amazon River basin), Acre State, Brazil. Based on examination by light and scanning electron microscopy, the new species differs from the two other South American congeneric species mainly in the body length of the gravid female (240–280 mm), the length of the oesophagus (1.25 mm in holotype) representing 0.5% of the entire body length, the range of cuticular embossment, as well as the location in the host (stomach), order of the fish host (Siluriformes) and the geographical distribution (Amazon River drainage system). This is the third known species ofPhilometroidesYamaguti, 1935 reported from South America. A key to species ofPhilometroidesoccurring in the fish of America is provided.

scholarly journals First finding of Ityogonimus lorum and I. ocreatus co-infection in the Iberian mole, Talpa occidentalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roser Adalid ◽  
Jordi Torres ◽  
Marcos Miñarro ◽  
Màrius Vicent Fuentes ◽  
Jordi Miquel
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
First Finding ◽  
European Mole ◽  
First Time

Abstract The Ityogonimus lorum-I. ocreatus co-infection is reported for the first time in the Iberian mole Talpa occidentalis in Asturias (NW Spain). Both Ityogonimus species are stenoxenous helminths of insectivores of the genus Talpa and they have often been found parasitizing the Iberian mole and also the European mole T. europaea, but a mixed infection had not been previously reported. The present study also highlights the main differential morphometric characteristics between I. lorum and I. ocreatus such as the body length, the ventral sucker diameter, the ratio between suckers and the distance between suckers.

Philometra barbata n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the red mullet Mullus barbatus (Perciformes, Mullidae) off Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessrine Ghanmi ◽  
David González-Solís ◽  
Lamia Gargouri
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Red Mullet ◽  
Mullus Barbatus ◽  
The Family

Abstract Helminthological examinations of the red mullet Mullus barbatus (Linnaeus) (Mullidae) from the Gulf of Hammamet, off Tunisia, revealed the presence of one undescribed gonad-infecting nematode species, Philometra barbata n. sp. (Philometridae). The new species as other congeneric species is mainly characterized by the shape of the caudal mound, the distribution of the caudal papillae and the shape of the gubernaculum with the presence of a dorsal protuberance consisting of two dorsolateral lamellar parts separated from each other by a smooth median field in the male. The new species differs from its gonadinfecting congeners in the body length of male, the length of spicules and gubernaculum. This is the second nominal species of Philometra reported from fishes of the family Mullidae and the 14th from the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Seasonal maturation of Glypthelmins vitellinophilum (Trematoda: Digenea) in Lysapsus limellus (Anura: Pseudidae) from an Argentinian subtropical permanent pond

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1a) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Parasite Stage ◽  
Permanent Pond ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
The Relationship

From December 1995 to November 2000, the seasonal maturation of Glypthelmins vitellinophilum Dobbin, 1958, in its definitive host, the frog Lysapsus limellus Cope, 1862, was studied in a subtropical permanent pond in northeastern Argentina. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the infrapopulation dynamics of the parasite, analyzing the seasonal maturation cycle throughout the years; and 2) to examine the relationship between the intensity of trematode infection in different developmental stages (recruitment, growth and maturation) and the host's body length. Of a total of 1,400 frogs examined over 60 months (5 years), 38% were found to be infected with G. vitellinophilum, and the intensity of infection was 1-15 trematodes per frog. Specimens of G. vitellinophilum were present in L. limellus throughout the years, but did not show a pronounced seasonal maturation cycle. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed with reference to climatic fluctuations and biotic factors. The infective period of the parasite (stage I) occurred in summer, autumn and spring, coinciding with the time each frog cohort appeared. These infections were found principally in small body sizes (classes 1 and 2) of L. limellus. Juvenile and nongravid specimens of worms (stage II and III) were found in frogs of different body sizes throughout the period of investigation. Gravid specimens of the parasite (stage IV) were generally recorded in autumn, winter and spring, mainly in the bodies of larger frogs. The body length of Trematodes in stages I and IV was significantly and positively correlated with that of the frogs.

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