SURVEY OF PAPERS ON TROPOSPHERIC REFRACTION

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Gilmer ◽  
Wallis R. Cramond ◽  
Marvin R. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Refraction

scholarly journals Refraction in radioastronomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Wilhelm J. Altenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Range Measurements ◽  
Surface Weather ◽  
Tropospheric Refraction ◽  
Interferometer Phase ◽  
Infrared Hygrometer

In the last few years there was no paper in the astronomical literature reporting on new measurements of radioastronomical refraction. But there are some important review papers on different aspects of this topic, e.g. on the ionosphere by M.M. Komesaroff (1960) and T. Hagfors (1976), on the prediction of tropospheric refraction with ground based meteorological data by B.R. Bean (1962), B.R. Bean and G. Teleki (1974), and R.K. Crane (1976), on range measurements, predicted again by surface weather data, by H.S. Hopfield (1971).For astrometry only interferometric observations give the necessary positional accuracy. The result of the interferometer is not affected, if the delay by the atmosphere is the same for each antenna, therefore this technique is not sensitive to normal refraction.Differential delays can originate in the uneven distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere. Wesseling et al (1974) measured these differential delays with an infrared hygrometer; their attempts to correlate the water vapor with the observed interferometer phase were only partially successful.Hinder (1970) has investigated the differential delays as function of baseline and of season. One can conclude that improvements of positional accuracy either by going to longer baselines or to shorter wavelengths depend on the success to predict the differential delays either by infrared hygrometers or similar means.

Comparison of experimetal with computed tropospheric refraction

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Anderson ◽  
N. Beyers ◽  
R. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Refraction

scholarly journals Path length variations due to changes in tropospheric refraction

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Joel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Gravitational Radiation ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Tropospheric Refraction ◽  
Detection Capabilities

An experiment is described in which microwave Doppler is used to determine very small changes in path length to spacecraft tracked by the Deep Space Tracking Network (DSN). The experiment was carried out to test the detection capabilities of the DSN system to gravitational radiation of very low frequency (10−2–10−4 Hz). In this work spectral analysis of Doppler variations were performed for periods over 4 hours and more.These results indicated that one of major sources of noise was due to rapid variations in tropospheric refraction. The results obtained a differential path length variation, ΔL/L, of 1 part in 1014 for periods between 100 and 1 000 seconds.Doppler spectra are shown and a general discussion of the experiment is given.

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