THE DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE ION CONCENTRATION IN INHIBITED ENGINE COOLANTS

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration

Sea Sand Concrete Chloride Ion Diffusion and Combination of Curing

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
Jian Bin Chen ◽  
Guo Liang Zhang ◽  
Li Wei Mo ◽  
Jun Zhe Liu ◽  
Zhi Min He
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Chloride Ion Diffusion

The concentration of chloride ion in concrete has been an important part of the study of reinforcement corrosion, while the microstructure of concrete on the concentration of chloride ions play an important role, in order to evaluate the sea sand for ordinary concrete and fly ash concrete microstructure andmineral composition, we use the 28 days of age in sea sand Mohr method for the determination of the different types of water-soluble chloride ion concentration to the chloride ion binding characteristics in the study of sea sand in concrete

Fluctuations of Annual Precipitation and Water Resources Quality in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 621-629
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
◽  
John Harrington JR ◽  
Yulia Melnyk ◽  
Yuliya Vystavna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Regional Trends

The article focuses on examining the influence of fluctuations in annual precipitation amount on the quality of surface waters. Water quality was estimated with data on BOD, COD and phosphate–ion concentration within five selected regions of Ukraine. Analysis of the precipitation data (1991 – 2010) showed different regional trends. Using the statistics, determination of the interconnection between precipitation amount and water resources quality were done. The obtained regularities and associated uncertainties can be used for prediction of changes in water resource quality and as a guide for future adaptation to possible climate change.

scholarly journals First Attempts of the Use of 195Pt NMR of Phenylbenzothiazole Complexes as Spectroscopic Technique for the Cancer Diagnosis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna T. L. Pereira ◽  
Mateus A. Gonçalves ◽  
Daiana T. Mancini ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Teodorico C. Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Platinum Complexes ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Implicit Solvent ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis

Platinum complexes have been studied for cancer treatment for several decades. Furthermore, another important platinum characteristic is related to its chemical shifts, in which some studies have shown that the 195Pt chemical shifts are very sensitive to the environment, coordination sphere, and oxidation state. Based on this relevant feature, Pt complexes can be proposed as potential probes for NMR spectroscopy, as the chemical shifts values will be different in different tissues (healthy and damaged) Therefore, in this paper, the main goal was to investigate the behavior of Pt chemical shifts in the different environments. Calculations were carried out in vacuum, implicit solvent, and inside the active site of P13K enzyme, which is related with breast cancer, using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Moreover, the investigation of platinum complexes with a selective moiety can contribute to early cancer diagnosis. Accordingly, the Pt complexes selected for this study presented a selective moiety, the 2-(4′aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivative. More specifically, two Pt complexes were used herein: One containing chlorine ligands and one containing water in place of chlorine. Some studies have shown that platinum complexes coordinated to chlorine atoms may suffer hydrolyses inside the cell due to the low chloride ion concentration. Thus, the same calculations were performed for both complexes. The results showed that both complexes presented different chemical shift values in the different proposed environments. Therefore, this paper shows that platinum complexes can be a potential probe in biological systems, and they should be studied not only for cancer treatment, but also for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Broadband dielectric spectroscopy for monitoring temperature-dependent chloride ion motion in BiOCl plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Radoń ◽  
Dariusz Łukowiec ◽  
Patryk Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Free Chloride ◽  
Structure Rebuilding

AbstractThe dielectric properties and electrical conduction mechanism of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) plates synthesized using chloramine-T as the chloride ion source were investigated. Thermally-activated structure rebuilding was monitored using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which showed that the onset temperature of this process was 283 K. This rebuilding was related to the introduction of free chloride ions into [Bi2O2]2+ layers and their growth, which increased the intensity of the (101) diffraction peak. The electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were related to the movement of chloride ions between plates (in the low-frequency region), the interplanar motion of Cl− ions at higher frequencies, vibrations of these ions, and charge carrier hopping at frequencies above 10 kHz. The influence of the free chloride ion concentration on the electrical conductivity was also described. Structure rebuilding was associated with a lower concentration of free chloride ions, which significantly decreased the conductivity. According to the analysis, the BiOCl plate conductivity was related to the movement of Cl− ions, not electrons.

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