INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF RAW MATERIAL PRODUCTION VARIABLES ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBIDES, NITRIDES AND BORIDES

1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Blumenthal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Sugarcane Biochar for Agricultural Use Produced in Different Conditions of Pyrolysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Juliany Barbosa de Pinho ◽  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽  
Letycia Cunha Nunes ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes Daros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxidizing Atmosphere ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

From the pyrolysis process, biochar is a carbon rich and recalcitrant organic material with potential for long term carbon sequestration because of its aromatic structure. However, the physical and chemical properties of the biochar vary due to the diversity of raw material and the conditions of production. The present study aimed to evaluate the biochar from the sugarcane bagasse at different temperatures and under two conditions of pyrolysis. The biochar was produced at two final temperatures 200°C (1 hour); 250°C (1h) and 250°C (2h), with pyrolysis of an oxidizing and non-oxidizing atmosphere for both. PH, cation exchange capacity (CTC), carbon content (C), Nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), H:C, C:N and ash ratios were evaluated. The contents of C, H, N and the atomic ratios H:C and C:N were higher in Biochar produced in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (BNO). However, the content of ash, pH and CTC were higher in Biochar produced in oxidizing atmospheres (BO). One can conclude the direct influence of the pyrolysis condition.

scholarly journals Technological Parameters of the Process of Producing Metallized Iron Concentrates from Poor Raw Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Metallurgical Processing ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In article the possibility of receiving the metallized concentrates from ferriferous ores with the low content of iron, for the purpose of preparation them to metallurgical processing is considered. It is shown that the following factors have significant effect on effectiveness of process of receiving the metallized concentrates: composition of ore, physical and chemical properties of ore, possibility of receiving pellets, type and consumption of reducer, etc.

scholarly journals Effect of Li, Na and K Modification of Alumina on its Physical and Chemical Properties and Water Adsorption Ability

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Reshetnikov ◽  
Irina Kurzina ◽  
Alesia Livanova ◽  
Eugene Meshcheryakov ◽  
Lyubov Isupova
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The effect of alkali metal (Li, Na, K) incorporation on the morphology and water vapor uptake properties of mesoporous Al2O3 has been studied. The modification of the raw material, pseudoboehmite, represented a mixture of low-temperature phases (γ + η + χ)-Al2O3, and has been done at low-temperature that does not change the phase ratio. A decrease in specific surface values and an average pores size increase were observed as a result of the introduction of metal cations by impregnation and subsequent thermal treatment. The influence of the content of the modifying metal on the adsorption ability of the obtained samples in relation to water vapours has been studied. It has been established that alkaline modification Al2O3 with the lithium cations did not result in adsorption ability improvement, whereas samples that were modified with sodium or potassium in the amount of 1.2 weight % and 2.6 weight %, respectively, possess a higher equilibrium capacity (by ~40%), as compared to that of the initial sample (Al2O3), and a sufficiently high adsorption rate.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Biodiesel Obtained from Amazon Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) Biomass Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Anguebes-Franseschi ◽  
A. Bassam ◽  
M. Abatal ◽  
O. May Tzuc ◽  
C. Aguilar-Ucán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Amazon sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) is considered one of the greatest threats to the biodiversity of continental aquatic systems, causing serious economic and environmental problems in the regions. In this work, the production of biodiesel from Amazon sailfin catfish biomass oil is studied. The physical and chemical properties of biofuel produced were evaluated under the specifications of the European standard EN-14214 by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectrometry analyses. The results show that the biodiesel complies with all the specifications of the standard, except the content of polyunsaturated methyl esters. The yields obtained from oil and biodiesel were 9.67 and 90.71% (m/m), respectively. The methyl ester concentrations study identified 17 components where 47.003% m/m corresponded to methyl esters with saturated chains, whereas 34.394% m/m was attributed to monosaturated methyl esters and the remaining (18.624% m/m) to polysaturated methyl esters. Finally, mineral analysis by atomic absorption showed the absence of heavy metals Cd, Ni, and Pb, as well as low concentrations of Ni, Fe, Cu, and Zn, demonstrating that the quality of the fuel is not compromised. The study indicates the feasibility of manufacturing biodiesel using Amazon sailfin catfish biomass oil as a low-cost raw material. It represents an environmental option to mitigate a global problem of atmospheric pollution, and at the same time, it shows a commercial alternative to reduce the ecological impact caused by this fish in the diverse ecosystems to which it has spread. In addition, the great adaptability of this fish provides the possibility of a profitable process to have very high rates of reproduction and growth, allowing the generation of large amounts of biomass for the production of biodiesel.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Buffalo Hide as Raw Material for Gelatin Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
F.M.C. Sigit Setya Budi ◽  
Yudi Pranoto ◽  
Umar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
Collagen Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Better Than ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was aimed to observe the physical and chemical properties of buffalo hide as raw material for gelatin production by pretreatment using alkali-acid. Buffalo hide was observed on three sections, i.e. back (butt/croupon), abdomen (belly) and shoulder. The physical properties of the hide were analysed through the measurement of hide thickness, whereas the chemical properties were analysed by determining the proximate and amino acid composition. The qualities of gelatin (gel strength, viscosity and pH) were compared to standard commercial gelatin and Gelatin Manufactures Institute of America (GMIA). Gelatin extraction was done using a combination pretreatment alkali (0.5M NaOH) and acid (0,9M HCl). The results showed that butt section had collagen density was best compared to shoulder and belly. The thickness of butt (10.219 ± 0.318 mm) smaller than the shoulder (11.365 ± 0.389 mm), but thicker than the belly. The protein and hydroxyproline content on the butt was the highest, resulting the value 27.517 ± 0.049% and 97.330 ± 0.331 ppm, respectively. Extraction using 0.9 M hydrochloric acid produced yield 29.17 ± 2.12%. The gel strength 242.35 ± 12.90 g Bloom, viscosity 16.37 ± 1.5 cp and pH 5.15 ± 0.05. The gelatin quality meets the standards of quality of GMIA (2012) even better than commercial gelatin.

scholarly journals Biochar-Rhizosphere Interactions – a Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Głuszek ◽  
Lidia Sas-Paszt ◽  
Beata Sumorok ◽  
Ryszard Kozera
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Biochar is a solid material of biological origin obtained from biomass carbonization, designed as a mean to reduce greenhouse gases emission and carbon sequestration in soils for a long time. Biochar has a wide spectrum of practical utilization and is applied as a promising soil improver or fertilizer in agriculture, or as a medium for soil or water remediation. Preparations of biochar increase plant growth and yielding when applied into soil and also improve plant growth conditions, mainly bio, physical and chemical properties of soil. Its physical and chemical properties have an influence on bacteria, fungi and invertebrates, both in field and laboratory conditions. Such effects on rhizosphere organisms are positive or negative depending on biochar raw material origin, charring conditions, frequency of applications, applications method and doses, but long term effects are generally positive and are associated mainly with increased soil biota activity. However, a risk assessment of biochar applications is necessary to protect food production and the soil environment. This should be accomplished by biochar production and characterization, land use implementation, economic analysis, including life cycle assessment, and environmental impact assessment.

Analysis of Phosphogypsum’s Physical and Chemical Properties and Making of Anhydrite Cement from Phosphogypsum

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2131-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Qian Lin ◽  
Jian Xin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gravimetric Determination ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The phosphogypsum (PG) sample produced as the waste of the phosphoric acid fertilizer plant from Guizhou, China was studied for its properties and as a material for anhydrite cement. The impurity content, type and distribution, as well as thermal behavior and solubility of the PG were carefully studied by XRD, DTA techniques and gravimetric determination. The China Standard GB175-2007. The mineralogical studies were physical properties of the sample were studied as per the determined by XRD. The results showed that the impurities of PG are mainly water-soluble P2O5, F, organics and P2O5 and F in the gypsum lattice which has entered in to solid solution with gypsum as well as the insoluble Ca3(PO4)2 and CaF2. Experimental datum showed that a suitable anhydrite can be produced by heating PG at 1000 °C and PG up to 60% used can be as a main raw material in production of anhydrite cement.

A Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties of Biochars and Bio-Oils Obtained from Pyrolytic Process of Mesocarp Fibre and Empty Fruit Bunch

2017 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Abdullah ◽  
Aminu Aliyu Safana ◽  
Fauziah Sulaiman ◽  
Ibrahim Inuwa Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The fundamental objectives of this study is to analyzed and compare the physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis products (biochar and bio-oil) derived from two oil palm wastes. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) and mesocarp fibre (MF) were subjected to pyrolysis at a temperature of 400 °C for 2 hours holding time at 10 °C/min heating rate and with nitrogen flow rate of 2 L/min. The result obtained from raw material showed that MF contains a high quantity of hemicellulose and lignin which led to a high yield of bio-oil and biochar respectively, whereby, EFB contained a high content of cellulose. The high content of cellulose in EFB resulted in a high yield of gas compared to fibre. The higher heating value (HHV) of biochar and bio-oil were found to be 28.76 and 19.45 MJkg-1 for MF and, 24.33 and 19.98 MJkg-1 for EFB, respectively. Comparatively, the biochar obtained from MF material has high HHV than EFB material. However, all the biochars derived can be used for briquettes production as coal replacement in the future due to significantly high calorific value as compared to Malaysian sub-bituminous coal which has 24.6 MJkg-1. Furthermore, pyrolysis of any wastes encourages proper sanitation and lead to a healthy environment. It can also serve as a potential solution to the energy crisis in developing countries, Nigeria in particular if bio-oil can be improved to power electricity generation facilities in replacement to diesel.

scholarly journals Sintesa dan Karakterisasi Biofuel dari Limbah Laboratorium Teaching Factory Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe dengan Proses Catalytic Cracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muammar Khadafi ◽  
Ratni Dewi ◽  
Adriana Adriana ◽  
Ratna Sari ◽  
Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spent earth is a waste resulting from the bleaching process which contains gums and a large amount of oil so that it still has the potential to be reprocessed into biofuel. This study aims to utilize the oil from spent earth as a raw material in the synthesis of biofuels through the catalytic cracking process. In the catalytic cracking process, zeolite and kaolin catalysts are used in the ratio (0:100); (30:70); (50:50); (70:30) and (100:0) and temperature variations of 150oC, 175oC and 200oC for 3 hours. Based on the research results, the best biofuel was obtained at a catalyst ratio of zeolite: kaolin (70:30) and a temperature of 200oC with a yield of 76.13%. The results of the biofuel characterization obtained a water content of 0.0301%, octane number 90.5 RON and a density 751 kg/m3. Analysis of biofuel composition was measured using GC-MS and it was found that the biofuel contained 4.60% C11H24, 8.99% C12H26, 22.49% C16H34, 9.54% C18H34O2 and 54.38% C19H36O3. Based on the physical and chemical properties of the biofuel as a result of cracking with zeolite and kaolin catalysts, it is in accordance with SNI for gasoline qualification.

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