scholarly journals Genes gained and lost during the evolution and domestication of Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Xueling Ye ◽  
Yanling Ma ◽  
Haiyan Hu ◽  
Yuming Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Short History ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Brassica napus is one of the most important sources of vegetable oil for human nutrition and biofuel. It is an allotetraploid formed about 7500 years ago by hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea. Results from earlier studies show that the allopolyploidization process was accompanied by rapid and intensive changes and abundant homoeologous exchanges between the subgenomes have been accumulated during its short history of evolution. Results: By comparing differences between 19 artificially synthesized and 30 natural genotypes, we assessed possible changes in gene ratio, diversity and functional groups during the evolution and domestication of this species. This comparison revealed that gene ratio and diversity between the two subgenomes have hardly changed. However, large numbers of genes have been lost and many new genes gained. Compared with the artificial genotypes, the natural ones contain much lower proportions of genes conferring resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses but much higher proportions of genes associated with seeds development and metabolic processes. The diploid donor for the A subgenome of B. napus contributed more genes involved in agronomic traits and the C subgenome donor contributed more genes related to cellular development and metabolic process. Conclusions: Our results show that genes conditioning resistance and tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses have suffered stronger selection during the evolution and domestication of B. napus, and that changes in different aspects including gene content and genome size in the allotetraploid are not random but dictated by its two diploid donors.

scholarly journals Genetic Improvement of Cereals and Grain Legumes

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amjad Nawaz ◽  
Gyuhwa Chung
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Global Population

The anticipated population growth by 2050 will be coupled with increased food demand. To achieve higher and sustainable food supplies in order to feed the global population by 2050, a 2.4% rise in the yield of major crops is required. The key to yield improvement is a better understanding of the genetic variation and identification of molecular markers, quantitative trait loci, genes, and pathways related to higher yields and increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Advances in genetic technologies are enabling plant breeders and geneticists to breed crop plants with improved agronomic traits. This Special Issue is an effort to report the genetic improvements by adapting genomic techniques and genomic selection.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Phospholipase D Gene Family and Profiling of Phospholipids under Abiotic Stresses in Brassica napus

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1556-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoping Lu ◽  
Tarig Fadlalla ◽  
Shan Tang ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Usman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Oil crop Brassica napus is subjected to environmental stresses such as drought, cold and salt. Phospholipase Ds (PLDs) have vital roles in regulation of plant growth, development and stress tolerance. In this study, 32 BnaPLD genes were identified and classified into six subgroups depending on the conserved protein structures. High similarity in gene and protein structures exists between BnaPLDs and AtPLDs. Gene expression analysis showed that BnaPLDα1s and BnaPLDδs had higher expression than other PLDs. BnaPLDα1 and BnaPLDδ were significantly induced by abiotic stresses including dehydration, NaCl, abscisic acid (ABA) and 4�C. Lipidomic analysis showed that the content of main membrane phospholipids decreased gradually under stresses, except phosphatidylglycerol increased under the treatment of ABA and phosphatidylethanolamine increased under 4�C. Correspondingly, their product of phosphatidic acid increased often with a transient peak at 8 h. The plant height of mutants of PLDα1 was significantly reduced. Agronomic traits such as yield, seed number, silique number and branches were significantly impaired in PLDα1 mutants. These results indicate that there is a large family of PLD genes in B. napus, especially BnaPLDα1s and BnaPLDδs may play important roles in membrane lipids remodeling and maintaining of the growth and stress tolerance of B. napus.

Two Brassica napus polygalacturonase inhibitory protein genes are expressed at different levels in response to biotic and abiotic stresses

Planta ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rugang Li ◽  
Roger Rimmer ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
Andrew G. Sharpe ◽  
Ginette Séguin-Swartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Inhibitory Protein ◽  
Different Levels

A Short History of Bridge Building

1892 ◽  
Vol 34 (866supp) ◽  
pp. 13832-13832
Author(s):  
C. R. Manners
Keyword(s):  
Short History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bridge Building

Perspectives of Reforming the System of Interbudget Relations in Russia (in the Light of the International Experience)

2006 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of

The attempts to reconstruct the instruments of interbudget relations take place in all federations. In Russia such attempts are especially popular due to the short history of intergovernmental relations. Thus the review of the ¬international experience of managing interbudget relations to provide economic and social welfare can be useful for present-day Russia. The author develops models of intergovernmental relations from the point of view of making decisions about budget authorities’ distribution. The models that can be better applied in the Russian case are demonstrated.

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