Deep-Bed Filtration Under Multiple Particle-Capture Mechanisms

SPE Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Guedes ◽  
Firas A.H. Al-Abduwani ◽  
Pavel Bedrikovetsky ◽  
Peter K. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Filtration Coefficient ◽  
Particle Capture ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Multiple Particle ◽  
Filtration Model

Summary Severe injectivity decline during seawater injection and produced-water reinjection is a serious problem in offshore waterflood projects. The permeability impairment occurs because of the capture of particles from injected water by the rock, both internally in the pores and externally in a filter cake. The reliable modeling-based prediction of injectivity decline is important for injected-water-treatment design and management (injection of seawater or produced water, water filtering, etc.). The classical deep-bed filtration model includes a single overall description of particle capture. During laboratory or field data interpretation using this model, it is usually assumed that several simultaneously occurring capture mechanisms are represented in the model by a single overall mechanism. The filtration coefficient, obtained by fitting the model to the laboratory or field data, represents the total kinetics of the particle capture. The purpose of this study is to justify this approach of using an aggregated single filtration coefficient. A multiple-retention deep-bed filtration model needs to describe several simultaneous capture mechanisms. The kinetics of the different capture mechanisms can differ from one another by several orders of magnitude. This greatly affects the particle propagation in natural reservoirs and the resulting formation damage. In this study, a model for deep-bed filtration taking into account multiple particle-retention mechanisms is discussed. It is proven that the multicapture model can be reduced to a single-capture-mechanism deep-bed filtration model. The method for determination of the capture kinetics for all individual capture processes from the breakthrough curve is discussed. As an example, the complete characterization of filtration with monolayer and multilayer deposition of iron oxide colloids is performed using particle-breakthrough curves from coreflooding.

scholarly journals Filtration model with multiple particle capture

2019 ◽  
Vol 1425 ◽  
pp. 012110
Author(s):  
Yu V Osipov ◽  
G L Safina ◽  
Yu P Galaguz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Capture ◽  
Multiple Particle ◽  
Filtration Model

scholarly journals Kinetic Studies of Cs+ and Sr2+ Ion Exchange Using Clinoptilolite in Static Columns and an Agitated Tubular Reactor (ATR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Prajitno ◽  
Mohamad Taufiqurrakhman ◽  
David Harbottle ◽  
Timothy N. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Shear Mixing ◽  
Natural Clinoptilolite ◽  
Kinetics Of

Natural clinoptilolite was studied to assess its performance in removing caesium and strontium ions, using both static columns and an agitated tube reactor (ATR) for process intensification. Kinetic breakthrough curves were fitted using the Thomas and Modified Dose Response (MDR) models. In the static columns, the clinoptilolite adsorption capacity (qe) for 200 ppm ion concentrations was found to be ~171 and 16 mg/g for caesium and strontium, respectively, highlighting the poor material ability to exchange strontium. Reducing the concentration of strontium to 100 ppm, however, led to a higher strontium qe of ~48 mg/g (close to the maximum adsorption capacity). Conversely, halving the column residence time to 15 min decreased the qe for 100 ppm strontium solutions to 13–14 mg/g. All the kinetic breakthrough data correlated well with the maximum adsorption capacities found in previous batch studies, where, in particular, the influence of concentration on the slow uptake kinetics of strontium was evidenced. For the ATR studies, two column lengths were investigated (of 25 and 34 cm) with the clinoptilolite embedded directly into the agitator bar. The 34 cm-length system significantly outperformed the static vertical columns, where the adsorption capacity and breakthrough time were enhanced by ~30%, which was assumed to be due to the heightened kinetics from shear mixing. Critically, the increase in performance was achieved with a relative process flow rate over twice that of the static columns.

Breakthrough curves of oil adsorption on novel amorphous carbon thin film

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2361-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Sayed ◽  
M. Ramzi ◽  
R. Hosny ◽  
M. Fathy ◽  
Th. Abdel Moghny
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Carbon Thin Film ◽  
Oil Adsorption ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Thin Film

A novel amorphous carbon thin film (ACTF) was prepared by hydrolyzing wood sawdust and delignificating the residue to obtain cellulose mass that was subjected to react with cobalt silicate nanoparticle as a catalyst under the influence of sudden concentrated sulfuric acid addition at 23 °C. The novel ACTF was obtained in the form of thin films like graphene sheets having winding surface. The prepared ACTF was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The adsorption capacity of ACTF to remove oil from synthetic produced water was evaluated using the incorporation of Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models. The performance study is described through the breakthrough curves concept under relevant operating conditions such as column bed heights (3.8, 5 and 11 mm) and flow rate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL.min−1). It was found that the oil uptake mechanism is favoring higher bed height. Also, the highest bed capacity of 700 mg oil/g ACTF was achieved at 5 mm bed height, and 0.5 mL.min−1 flow rate. The results of breakthrough curve for oil adsorption was best described using the Yoon–Nelson model. Finally, the results illustrate that ACTF could be utilized effectively for oil removal from synthetic produced water in a fixed-bed column system.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration membrane process for produced water treatment: experimental and modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Badrnezhad ◽  
Ali Heydari Beni
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeation Flux ◽  
Cake Filtration ◽  
Pore Blocking ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Filtration Model

Produced water has been a big issue of water and environmental pollution. In this research, results of an experimental and modeling study on the separation of oil and salts from produced water using a rectangular flat sheet polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (nominal pore size of 10 nm) were analyzed. The effects of transmembrane pressure (TMP) (1, 2, 3 and 5 bar) on permeation flux of UF membranes for treatment of produced water were investigated. The results show that the average removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) during the experiments were 94 and 83%, respectively. The UF membrane showed high potential for application in industry for produced water reusing purposes. The experimental results showed that oil retentions of almost all the membranes were over 99% and oil concentrations in the permeate were below 0.2 mg L–1. In addition, the fouling mechanism involved in UF processing of produced water was investigated by modeling. Experimental results of permeation flux were compared to the results of the fouling models. After the cake filtration model, the intermediate pore blocking model was found to predict the experimental data very well.

Model calibration of deep-bed filtration based on pilot-scale treatment of secondary effluent

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semion Shandalov ◽  
Alexander Yakirevich ◽  
Asher Brenner ◽  
Gideon Oron ◽  
Menahem Rebhun
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Good Agreement

A mathematical model of deep-bed filtration has been calibrated and verified based on experimental results. The experimental system, used for testing of the secondary treatment quality and the tertiary filtration phase, incorporates an SBR system followed by a filtration column. The turbidity of the incoming SBR effluent was in the range of 12 to 34 NTU. The bed grain size was in the range of 1.4 to 2.0 mm. The examined filtration velocities were 11, 15, 20 and 25 m/h. The filtration process is simulated by equations of balance and kinetics. The latter includes the attachment and detachment process, characterized by rate coefficients KA and KD, respectively. These coefficients , as well as the parameters of hydrodispersivity and effective porosity, are found on the basis of nonlinear optimization, using numerical solution of the model and the experimental breakthrough curves. The method demonstrates good agreement between experimental and simulated results.

A Quantitative Study of Sr2+ Impact on Barite Crystallization and Inhibition Kinetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Zhaoyi Joey Dai ◽  
Chong Dai ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Samridhdi Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inhibition Kinetics ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Laser Apparatus ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Scale inhibitors have been widely used for barite scale control. Our group has developed several barite crystallization and inhibition models to predict the crystallization and inhibition kinetics of pure barite with different inhibitors and calculate the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) required. However, instead of pure barite scale formation, the incorporation of Sr2+ can be frequently found in the oilfield, because of the coexistence of Ba2+ and Sr2+ in the produced water, which can influence the kinetics of crystallization and inhibition significantly. As a result, the MIC predicted could be off significantly. Therefore, in this study, the effect of Sr2+ on barite crystallization and inhibition kinetics is quantitatively investigated to evaluate the accuracy of MIC values under various conditions. The induction time of barite with different concentrations of Sr2+ was measured by laser apparatus without or with different concentrations of scale inhibitor diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) at the conditions: barite saturation index (SI) from 1.5 to 1.8; temperature (T) from 40 to 70 ℃; and [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] molar ratios from 0 to 15, all with celestite SI < 0. The results show that the induction time of the barite increases with [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratio at a fixed barite SI, T and DTPMP dosage. That means the MIC will be overestimated if it is calculated by previous semiempirical pure barite crystallization and inhibition models, without considering the presence of Sr2+. Based on the experimental results, the novel quantitative barite crystallization and inhibition models that include the influence of Sr2+ were developed for the first time as follows: Barite crystallization model with the influence of Sr2+: l o g 10 t 0 B a S O 4 ,   S r = ( 1.523 − 10.88 S I − 895.67 T ( K ) + 5477 S I × T ( K ) + 0.829 × [ C a 2 + ] ) + ( 0.823 S I + 85.44 T ( K ) − 0.667 ) × ( [ Sr 2 + ] [ B a 2 + ] ) Barite inhibition model including the influence of Sr2+ l o g 10 ( t i n h B a s o 4 , S r t 0 B a S O 4 , S r ) = b B a S O 4 , S r × C i n h l o g 10 b B a S O 4 , S r = ( − 2.187 − 1.411 × S I + 1329.29 T ( K ) + 0.153 × p H ) + ( 0.0983 × S I − 74.66 T ( K ) + 0.099 ) × ( [ Sr 2 + ] [ B a 2 + ] ) These novel models are in good agreement with the experimental data. They are used to predict the induction time and MIC more accurately at these common Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexisting scenarios. The observations and new models proposed in this study will significantly improve the barite scale management when Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexist in the oilfield.

Attchment/Release of Phosphonate to/from a CaCO3 Surface in Supersaturated Brines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Amy T. Kan ◽  
Mason B. Tomson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽  
Flowback Water ◽  
High Supersaturation ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Theoretical Limitation

Abstract One of the most intractable concerns when engineers try to reuse the produced water as frac fluid in the Bakken and some other shale plays is the scale formation caused by the incompatibility of produced water with additives in the frac fluids and with the formation. In order to obtain a more efficient scale treatment for a successful hydraulic fracing that handles the extraordinary amount of water with high supersaturation level, the better understanding of inhibitor retention and release in the production system is urgent. To explore the mechanism of attachment/release of phosphonate to/from a mineral surface, calcite supersaturated feed solutions with different diethylenetriamine penta (DTPMP) concentrations were introduced into the steel tubing that was internally pre-coated with a thin layer of CaCO3. It is unveiled that DTPMP attachment was dominated by the precipitation of calcium phosphonate solid once the solution is supersaturated with Ca3H4DTPMP (pKsp=53.5), and the total amount of DTPMP attached on the calcite surface added up with the increasing supersaturation of Ca3H4DTPMP. The co-precipitation of CaCO3 and Ca3H4DTPMP has facilitated the attachment of the inhibitor with the increase of supersaturation of CaCO3. The retained phosphonate was released from the surface with a steady and low level inhibitor concentration over extended period of time. Combining with the kinetics of calcium carbonate precipitation in the presence of inhibitor, a 1500 gram of calcium phosphonate precipitation can protect the scaling for about 100 days (100 bbl/day) when the saturation index of calcium carbonate (SIcalcite) is as high as 1.3. The results provide a better understanding of calcium-phosphonate-carbonate interaction, and show the phosphonate inhibitor can continuously accumulate on the carbonate and slowly dissolve. We anticipate this study can shed a light on how much inhibitor can be delivered to the unconventional reservoir as well as the theoretical limitation of inhibitor return in the flowback water.

Produced Water Quality: The Effects of Different Separation Methods for Water and Chemical Floods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawaher Almorihil ◽  
Aurélie Mouret ◽  
Isabelle Hénaut ◽  
Vincent Mirallès ◽  
Abdulkareem AlSofi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Separation Plant ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Gravity Settling

Abstract Gravity settling represents the main oil-water separation mechanism. Many separation plants rely only on gravity settling with the aid of demulsifiers (direct or reverse breakers) and other chemicals such as water clarifiers if they are required. Yet, other complementary separation methods exist including filtration, flotation, and centrifugation. In terms of results and more specifically with respect to the separated produced-water, the main threshold on its quality is the dispersed oil content. Even with zero discharge and reinjection into hydrocarbon formations, the presence of residual oil in the aqueous phase represents a concern. High oil content results into formation damage and losses in injectivity which necessitates formation stimulations and hence additional operational expenses. In this work, we investigated the effects of different separation techniques on separated water quality. In addition, we studied the impact of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) chemicals on the different separation techniques in terms of efficiency and water quality. Based on the results, we identified potential improvements to the existing separation process. We used synthetic well-characterized emulsions. The emulsions were prepared at the forecast water: oil ratio using dead crude oil and synthetic representative brines with or without the EOR chemicals. To clearly delineate and distinguish the effectiveness of different separation methods, we exacerbated the conditions by preparing very tight emulsions compared with what is observed on site. With that, we investigated three separation techniques: gravity settling, centrifugation, and filtration. First, we used Jar Tests to study gravity settling, then a benchtop centrifuge at two speeds to evaluate centrifugation potential. Finally, for filtration, we tested two options: membrane and deep-bed filtrations. Concerning the water quality, we performed solvent extraction followed by UV analyses to measure the residual oil content as well as light transmission measurements in order to compare the efficiency of different separation methods. The results of analyses suggest that gravity settling was not efficient in removing oil droplets from water. No separation occurred after 20 minutes in every tested condition. However, note that investigated conditions were severe, tighter emulsions are more difficult to separate compared to those currently observed in the actual separation plant. On the other hand, centrifugation significantly improved light transmission through the separated water. Accordingly, we can conclude that the water quality was largely improved by centrifugation even in the presence of EOR chemicals. In terms of filtration, very good water quality was obtained after membrane filtration. However, significant fouling was observed. In the presence of EOR chemicals, filtration lost its effectiveness due to the low interfacial tension with surfactants and water quality became poor. With deep-bed filtration, produced water quality remained good and fouling was no longer observed. However, the benefits from media filtration were annihilated by the presence of EOR chemicals. Based on these results and at least for our case study, we conclude that centrifugation and deep-bed filtration techniques can significantly improve quality of the separated and eventually reinjected water. In terms of the effects of EOR chemicals, the performance of centrifugation is reduced while filtrations are largely impaired by the presence of EOR chemicals. Thereby, integration of any of the two methods in the separation plant will lead to more efficient produced-water reinjection, eliminating formation damage and frequent stimulations. Yet, it is important to note that economics should be further assessed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document