Monitoring Reservoir Temperature By Means Of Produced Water Chemistry In Steam Based Recovery Processes

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salluklaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Recovery Processes

scholarly journals Water–rock interaction and the concentrations of major, trace, and rare earth elements in hydrocarbon-associated produced waters of the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton R. Bern ◽  
Justin E. Birdwell ◽  
Aaron M. Jubb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Produced Waters ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Comparisons of hydrocarbon-produced waters from multiple basins and experiments using multiple shales illustrate water–rock interaction influence on produced water chemistry.

Produced-Water-Chemistry History Matching Using a 1D Reactive Injector/Producer Reservoir Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Vazquez ◽  
Ross A. McCartney ◽  
Eric Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Reservoir Model

CSG water: desalination and the challenge for the CSG industry—developing a holistic CSG brine management solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Lyvonne Ly ◽  
Ian Fergus ◽  
Steve Page
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Mixed Salt ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Brine Management ◽  
Emerging Trends

The management of brine, generated from the desalination of CSG produced water, is a key challenge for the CSG industry. In many cases, the cost and technical challenges relating to the management of brine has a greater impact on the economic and technical feasibility of desalinating CSG produced water than the desalination plant itself. The challenge is to determine the best solution for brine management, given the high salinity of the brine and limited options available for acceptable disposal. This has driven the need for more sustainable options, including using salt recovery processes to recover the salts for beneficial use. Where suitable strata can be identified, brine injection may be considered as a low life-cycle cost solution for brine disposal. CSG brine is particularly high in alkalinity, and as such, brine management options, including acid mine waste neutralisation and recovery of salts (sodium chloride [NaCl] and sodium carbonate [Na2CO3]) are possible. The latter uses selective salt crystallisation, which is generally higher in capital and operating costs, but is offset by the revenue gained from the sale of salt(s). Other brine management options include solar evaporation ponds or zero liquid discharge technology to produce a mixed salt residue that can be disposed through onsite encapsulation or landfill. The feasibility and life-cycle cost of any brine management option depends primarily on the location of CSG sites and the availability of brine management disposal/sale opportunities in reasonable proximity—this is one of the greatest challenges for managing brackish CSG produced water sources, particularly as the CSG sites are in remote inland locations. Further challenges associated with the management of salts recovered include establishing a viable commercial route for the market sale of the salts. This peer-reviewed paper explores technical considerations, challenges and the life-cycle cost of the brine management options. The emerging trends for desalination and brine management in the CSG Industry will also be featured in this paper.

Sequential Coupling of Geochemical Reactions With Reservoir Simulations for Waterflood and EOR Studies

SPE Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingli Wei
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Injection Water ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
The Impact

Summary Many waterflood projects now experience significant amounts of water cut, with more water than hydrocarbon flowing between the injectors and producers. In addition to the impact on water viscosity and density that results from using different injection-water sources during a field's life, water chemistry itself may impact oil recovery, as demonstrated by recent research on low-salinity water-injection schemes. It is also known that water chemistry has a profound impact on various chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes. Moreover, the effectiveness and viability of such EOR schemes is strongly dependent on reservoir-brine and injection-water compositions. In particular, the presence of divalent cations such as Ca+2 and Mg+2 has a significantly adverse effect for chemical EORs. Using new developments in reservoir simulation, this paper outlines a method to couple geochemical reactions in a reservoir simulator in black-oil and compositional modes suitable for large-scale reservoir models for waterflood and EOR studies. The new multicomponent reactive-transport modeling capability considers chemical reactions triggered by injection water and/or injected reactive gases such as CO2 and H2S, including mineral dissolution and precipitation, cation exchange, and surface complexation. For waterflood-performance assessment, the new modeling capability makes possible a more-optimum evaluation of petrophysical logs for well intervals where injection-water invasion is suspected. By modeling transport of individual species in the aqueous phase from injectors to producers, reservoir characterization can also be improved through the use of these natural tracers, provided that the compositions of the actual produced water are used in the history matching. The simulated water compositions in producers can also be used by production chemists to assess scaling and corrosion risks. For CO2 EOR studies, we illustrate chemical changes inside a reservoir and in the produced water before and after CO2 breakthrough, and discuss geochemical monitoring as a potential surveillance tool. Alkaline-flood-induced water chemical changes and calcite precipitation are also presented to illustrate applicability for chemical EOR with the new simulation capability.

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