Single-Phase Model for Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) Head Performance

SPE Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Datong Sun ◽  
Mauricio G. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Artificial Lift

Summary This paper presents a new incompressible single-phase model for ESP head performance. Sachdeva (1988, 1994) and Cooper and Bosch (1966) developed models for ESP channels and for inducers, respectively. The model presented in this paper is based on 1D approximation along an ESP channel. The new derived pressure ordinary differential equation (ODE) for frictionless incompressible flow (Bird 1960) is consistent with the pump Euler equation. New models for pump frictional and shock losses have been proposed. Finally, a comparison between the predicted pump performance and the pump performances derived from the affinity law for different rotational speeds is presented. The single-phase model can predict ESP performance under different fluid viscosities and also is the basis of a gas/liquid model for ESP head performance. Introduction ESPs are dynamic multistage devices that use kinetic energy to increase liquid pressure. The relationship between the head developed by the pump and the flow rate through the pump for a certain rotational speed is usually known as the pumphead performance curve. This curve is experimentally determined by the pump manufacturer using water as the working fluid. As a consequence, published pumphead performance curves can be used for any other low-viscosity, single-phase liquid, independent of its density. Pump performance, however, is significantly affected by the presence of free gas or high-viscosity fluids. The U. of Tulsa Artificial Lift Projects (TUALP) is currently conducting experimental as well as theoretical research to improve the understanding of pump performance when handling viscous fluids and two-phase flow mixtures at different pump rotational speeds. A better understanding of the pump performance under those conditions will certainly contribute to a reduction in the uncertainty of engineering tools for the selection, design, and operation of ESPs in more challenging applications. This paper presents the new single-phase model developed for the prediction of an ESP's performance. The model consists of the mass and momentum equations, based on the streamline approach or 1D assumption. In the momentum equations, the calculation of the friction factor proposed by Sachdeva is improved by incorporating the channel curvature, channel rotation, and channel cross-sectional effects. A new shock loss model, including rotational speeds, has been proposed. The new single-phase model is capable of predicting the pump performance for different pump rotational speeds and for different fluid viscosities.

Analysis of two-phase ejectors with Fabri choking

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E Lear ◽  
G M Parker ◽  
S A Sherif
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Mass Flowrate ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
R 134A ◽  
Phase Fluid

A one-dimensional mathematical model was developed using the equations governing the flow and thermodynamics within a jet pump with a mixing region of constant cross-sectional area. The analysis is capable of handling two-phase flows and the resulting flow phenomena such as condensation shocks and the Fabri limit on the secondary mass flowrate. This work presents a technique for quickly achieving first-approximation solutions for two-phase ejectors. The thermodynamic state of the working fluid, R-134a for this analysis, is determined at key locations within the ejector. From these results, performance parameters are calculated and presented for varying inlet conditions. The Fabri limit was found to limit the operational regime of the two-phase ejector because, in the two-phase region, the speed of sound may be orders of magnitude smaller than in a single-phase fluid.

Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hetsroni ◽  
A. Mosyak ◽  
Z. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Sink ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Microchannel Heat Sink ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Infrared Radiometry ◽  
Phase Water

Abstract Experimental investigation of a heat sink for electronics cooling is performed. The objective is to keep the operating temperature at a relatively low level of about 323–333K, while reducing the undesired temperature variation in both the streamwise and transverse directions. The experimental study is based on systematic temperature, flow and pressure measurements, infrared radiometry and high-speed digital video imaging. The heat sink has parallel triangular microchannels with a base of 250μm. According to the objectives of the present study, Vertrel XF is chosen as the working fluid. Experiments on flow boiling of Vertrel XF in the microchannel heat sink are performed to study the effect of mass velocity and vapor quality on the heat transfer, as well as to compare the two-phase results to a single-phase water flow.

scholarly journals Heat transfer and entropy generation in a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators using Nanofluids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Ebrahimi ◽  
Farhad Rikhtegar Nezami ◽  
Amin Sabaghan ◽  
Ehsan Roohi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Vortex Generators ◽  
Longitudinal Vortex ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Rectangular Microchannel ◽  
Important Conclusion

Conjugated heat transfer and hydraulic performance for nanofluid flow in a rectangular microchannel heat sink with LVGs (longitudinal vortex generators) are numerically investigated using at different ranges of Reynolds numbers. Three-dimensional simulations are performed on a microchannel heated by a constant heat flux with a hydraulic diameter of 160 μm and six pairs of LVGs using a single-phase model. Coolants are selected to be nanofluids containing low volume-fractions (0.5%–3.0%) of Al2O3 or CuO nanoparticles with different particle sizes dispersed in pure water. The employed model is validated and compared by published experimental, and single-phase and two-phase numerical data for various geometries and nanoparticle sizes. The results demonstrate that heat transfer is enhanced by 2.29–30.63% and 9.44%–53.06% for water-Al2O3 and water-CuO nanofluids, respectively, in expense of increasing the pressure drop with respect to pure-water by 3.49%–16.85% and 6.5%–17.70%, respectively. We have also observed that the overall efficiency is improved by 2.55%–29.05% and 9.78%–50.64% for water-Al2O3 and water-CuO nanofluids, respectively. The results are also analyzed in terms of entropy generation, leading to the important conclusion that using nanofluids as the working fluid could reduce the irreversibility level in the rectangular microchannel heat sinks with LVGs. No exterma (minimums) is found for total entropy generation for the ranges of parameters studied.

Understanding ESP Performance Under High Viscous Applications and Emulsion Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Pastre ◽  
Jorge Biazussi ◽  
William Monte Verde ◽  
Antonio Bannwart
Keyword(s):  
High Viscosity ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Field Deployment

Abstract Although being widely used as an artificial lift method for heavy oil field developments, Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) performance in high viscous applications is not fully understood. In order to improve knowledge of pump behavior under such conditions, Equinor has developed stage qualification tests as part of the technical requirements for deploying ESPs in Peregrino Field located offshore Brazil and has funded a series of research efforts to better design and operate the system more efficiently. Qualification tests were made mandatory for every stage type prior to field deployment in Peregrino. It is known that the affinity laws don´t hold true for high viscosity applications. Therefore, extensive qualification tests are required to provide actual stage performance in high viscous applications. Test results are used to optimize ESP system design for each well selecting the most efficient stage type considering specific well application challenges. In addition, the actual pump performance improves accuracy in production allocation algorithms. A better understanding of ESP behavior in viscous fluid application helps improving oil production and allows ESP operation with higher efficiency, increasing system run life. Shear forces inside ESP stages generate emulsion that compromises ESP performance. Lab tests in controlled environments have helped Equinor to gather valuable information about emulsion formation and evaluate ESP performance in conditions similar to field application. Equinor has funded studies to better understand two-phase flow (oil-water) which allowed visualization and investigation of oil drops dynamics inside the impeller. In addition, experimental procedures were proposed to investigate the effective viscosity of emulsion at pump discharge and the phase inversion hysteresis in the transition water-oil and oil-water emulsion. In addition to qualification tests and research performed to better understand system behavior, Equinor has developed and improved procedures to operate ESP systems in high viscous applications with emulsion production during 10 years of operation in Peregrino field. Such conditions also impose challenges to ESP system reliability. Over the years, Equinor has peformed failure analysis to enhance ESP system robustness which, combined with upper completion design, have improved system operation and reliability decreasing operating costs in Peregrino field.

A quasi single-phase model for debris flows and its comparison with a two-phase model

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-chen Xia ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Zhi-xian Cao ◽  
Qing-quan Liu ◽  
Kai-heng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Two Phase

Experimental Investigation of Evacuated Tube Solar Collector with Annular Heat Exchanger

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2355-2359
Author(s):  
Narasimhe Gowda ◽  
B. Putta Bore Gowda ◽  
R. Chandrashekar ◽  
G. Ugrasen ◽  
R. Keshavamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Solar Water Heaters ◽  
Evacuated Tube

Now-a-days evacuated tubes solar water heaters are increasingly use in South India because of good thermal efficiency and high water temperature could be achievable as compared to flat plate solar collectors. Low manufacturing and maintenance cost also attract people to go for evacuated tube solar water heaters. This paper reports experimental results of two types of evacuated tube solar water heaters. To evaluate the performance of evacuated tube solar water heater, single-phase forced system and two-phase closed forced systems were considered. In two-phase closed system sunflower oil was used as working fluid to heat water. Throughout the study two-phase closed system shows better performance compared to single-phase open collector system and their efficiency almost 10 to 12% higher. But, because of high initial cost of two-phase system, the pay back periods of both collector systems is almost same. In two phased closed system higher temperature of water could be achieved, which is very useful to operate advanced system.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Macrosegregation with Solid Deformation During the Solidification of Steel Ingots Using a Single-Phase/Two-Phase Integrated Model

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Kangxin Chen ◽  
Houfa Shen
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Steel Ingot ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Deformation Stage ◽  
Solid Deformation ◽  
Steel Ingots

Macrosegregation, a serious defect formed during the solidification of steel ingots, impairs the performance of the final components. To predict macrosegregation caused by thermal-solutal convection and solid deformation, a volume-averaged single-phase/two-phase integrated model is developed. During the deformation stage, the two-phase model coupling the solid deformation and liquid flow in the mushy zone is utilized. Before or after the deformation stage, the motion of the solid phase is neglected, and the single-phase model is solved. A 450 kg steel ingot punching test is considered for application. The results show that when the solid shell of the ingot is being punched, the solid phase in the mushy core at punching height is compressed, and a relative liquid flow is induced. This in turn causes a transition of positive segregation to negative segregation in the compressed mushy core of the ingot. According to numerical sensitivity tests of different punching parameters, as the punching start time and punching velocity increase, the effect of punching on macrosegregation will be smaller. It is demonstrated that the single-phase/two-phase integrated model can predict macrosegregation in the steel ingots which are deformed during solidification.

Pressure Drop Analysis for Liquid-Liquid Downflow Through Vertical Pipe

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ghosh ◽  
G. Das ◽  
P. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Separated Flow ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Frictional Pressure Drop ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Two Fluid Model

In the present paper, the pressure drop characteristics and flow patterns during downward vertical flow of lube oil-water as well as kerosene-water through a circular glass conduit have been studied. Core-annular flow has been observed to be the dominant flow pattern and it gives rise to slug flow with increase of water and/or decrease of oil velocity. However, there are subtle differences in the flow distribution observed for high viscosity and low viscosity oils. The two-phase frictional pressure drop for separated flow patterns of both the liquid pairs is predicted using two-fluid model. Since the model predictions have a large mismatch with experimental data, an empirical correlation is also proposed for improved predictions. The homogeneous and drift flux models are used for slug and dispersed flow patterns.

scholarly journals Slug Translational Velocity for Highly Viscous Oil and Gas Flows in Horizontal Pipes

Fluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baba ◽  
Archibong-Eso ◽  
Aliyu ◽  
Ribeiro ◽  
Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Viscosity ◽  
Translational Velocity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Low Viscosity

Slug translational velocity, described as the velocity of slug units, is the summation of the maximum mixture velocity in the slug body and the drift velocity. Existing prediction models in literature were developed based on observation from low viscosity liquids, neglecting the effects of fluid properties (i.e., viscosity). However, slug translational velocity is expected to be affected by the fluid viscosity. Here, we investigate the influence of high liquid viscosity on slug translational velocity in a horizontal pipeline of 76.2-mm internal diameter. Air and mineral oil with viscosities within the range of 1.0–5.5 Pa·s were used in this investigation. Measurement was by means of a pair of gamma densitometer with fast sampling frequencies (up to 250 Hz). The results obtained show that slug translational velocity increases with increase in liquid viscosity. Existing slug translational velocity prediction models in literature were assessed based on the present high viscosity data for which statistical analysis revealed discrepancies. In view of this, a new empirical correlation for the calculation of slug translational velocity in highly viscous two-phase flow is proposed. A comparison study and validation of the new correlation showed an improved prediction performance.

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