Use of Vogel Equation to Estimate Drainage-Area Static Pressure and Skin Factor

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul A. Medina Parra
Keyword(s):  
Static Pressure ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Skin Factor

The Proper Interpretation of Field-Determined Buildup Pressure and Skin Values for Simulator Use

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Odeh
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Scaling Factors ◽  
Skin Factor ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Fluid Saturation

Abstract Scaling factors for the proper application and interpretation of field-determined skin effect and pressure buildup values for use in simulators are derived. Reservoir engineering calculations for the actual well are based on a continuous physical system and the total effective formation thickness. For use with a simulator, the system is discretized, and the cell thickness replaces the total thickness. The scaling factors are to correct for the differences between the two systems. Without the scaling factors, the well inflow equations used in the simulators would calculate an erroneous pressure drop component as a result of the physical skin and the nondarcy flow effect. In the case of pressure values, an equation is derived that gives the buildup time, At, when the field-measured wellbore pressure becomes equal to the wellblock pressure in a three-dimensional simulator. This is important for history matching. This paper shows that the pressure-At relation is strongly coupled to the skin scaling factor. Introduction Reservoir simulation calculations consist mainly, of two parts:(1) the fluid saturation and pressure distribution and parts:the fluid saturation and pressure distribution andthe well inflow. The fluid saturation and pressure distribution result from the solution of the nonlinear partial differential equations that express the mass balance partial differential equations that express the mass balance for oil, water, and gas. Most of the research on reservoir modeling has been concerned with the solution of these equations, and significant progress has been achieved. Compared with this, the treatment of the well is still in its infancy. This is disconcerting since the well calculations are critical to the matching and prediction phases of simulation. In reservoir engineering, the well inflow calculations have reached a high degree of sophistication. The effects of the well completion, restricted entry to flow, noncircular drainage area, and nondarcy flow can be accounted for. The treatment of these factors relies on three basic assumptions:the physical model is continuous-i.e., no discretization is involved as it is in the numerical model,the thickness used in the calculations is the total effective thickness of the formation, andthe permeability is the integrated average of the permeability is the integrated average of the permeability values in the drainage area of the well. This is permeability values in the drainage area of the well. This is normally obtained from flow test analyses. In reservoir simulators, all three basic assumptions are violated. The reservoir is discretized; the thickness used in the inflow equation is the thickness of the cell, which is usually much less than the formation thickness; and the permeability of the cell with a well is different from the average permeability in the majority of cases. This introduces a permeability in the majority of cases. This introduces a scaling problem. If the field-determined well inflow parameters are not scaled properly for use in the parameters are not scaled properly for use in the simulators, the simulation results may not reflect the true well behavior. Furthermore, the pressure values used for matching purposes may be the wrong values. In this paper, the scaling of the skin factor and the problems associated with it are considered. A scaling factor problems associated with it are considered. A scaling factor that gives an acceptable match between the field pressure drop caused by skin and the model-calculated value is determined. Also, an equation that gives the buildup time, At, when the well pressure becomes equal to the cell pressure is derived. The equation accounts for pressure is derived. The equation accounts for three-dimensional (3D) flow and the completion of the well. The implication of using the incorrect At during the history matching phase of a simulation study is analyzed. Skin Effect Consideration The difference between the discretized mathematical model and the continuous physical system is most apparent in the treatment of the skin factor in the inflow equations. The skin factor is an indication of the efficiency of the well completion. The skin concept was introduced to the petroleum industry by Hurst and van Everdingen. petroleum industry by Hurst and van Everdingen. They considered the skin to result from a permeability change in the vicinity of the wellbore. The skin concept was extended by Brons and Marting and by Odeh to account for restricted entry and by Ramey to account for nondarcy flow. The normal procedure for calculating the skin effect is based on the net effective thickness of the formation. In the classical skin determination from buildup data, it is calculated by .....................................(1) where S T == SA + S R, and k is obtained from the flow test analysis. The pressure drop caused by skin, is .....................................(2) SPEJ

Perancangan Pengkondisian Udara pada Ruangan Steril Rumah Sakit Mitra Medika dengan Standard Cleanroom Menggunakan Instalasi Ducting

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fremmy Raymond Agustinus
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
X 24 ◽  
Air Passage ◽  
Booster Fan

Desain penyejuk udara juga dapat diterapkan di bidang kesehatan, dengan standar Cleanroom dapat diperoleh suhu, kelembaban, kenyamanan dan kebersihan yang dibutuhkan untuk ruang steril (ruang bedah). Perancangan pendingin udara dalam hal ini dilakukan dengan menentukan beban pendinginan yang diperlukan untuk ruang steril (ruang bedah), kemudian menentukan ukuran ducting, jalur ducting, dan jumlah penggunaan ducting. Desain ini menggabungkan unit split saluran yang dimodifikasi, kipas booster, filter pra, filter medium, dan filter HEPA dengan menggunakan saluran aluminium preinsulated sebagai saluran udara. Desain dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak AutoCAD 2012, Design Tools Duct Sizer, dan Microsoft Excel. Dari hasil perhitungan dan desain didapatkan kebutuhan kapasitas 3 ruang bedah yaitu ducted ducted 100.000 BTUH sebanyak 3 unit, booster fan 3.3 - 4 Di WG sebanyak 3 unit, pre filter 24 "x 24" x 2 "6 set, filter menengah 610 x 610 x 290 mm 6 set, dan filter HEPA 1220 x 610 x 70 mm 12. Untuk ruang steril, tekanan statis yang dihasilkan oleh unit pendingin harus lebih besar daripada tekanan statis yang dihasilkan dari unit yang ada. di ruang semi steril. Dengan kata lain, ruang steril harus memiliki tekanan positif terhadap ruang semi steril. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar udara di ruang semi steril tidak masuk ke ruang steril ketika pintu antar ruangan dibuka. Desain dan perhitungan ruang bedah, suhu nyata yang diperoleh adalah 23 ° C ± 2 ° C dan kelembaban relatif yang diperoleh adalah 60% ± 2%.   Air conditioning design can also be applied in the health field, with cleanroom standard can be obtained temperature, humidity, comfort and hygiene needed for sterile room (surgical room). The design of air conditioning in this case is done by determining the cooling load required for the sterile room (surgical room), then determining the ducting size, ducting path, and the amount of ducting usage. This design combines modified ducted split unit, booster fan, pre filter, medium filter, and HEPA filter by using preinsulated aluminum duct as an air passage. The design is done by using AutoCAD 2012 software, Design Tools Duct Sizer, and Microsoft Excel. From the calculation and design result obtained the capacity requirement of 3 surgical room that is split ducted 100.000 BTUH as many as 3 units, booster fan 3.3 - 4 In WG as many as 3 units, pre filter 24"x 24" x 2" 6 sets, medium filter 610 x 610 x 290 mm 6 sets, and HEPA filter 1220 x 610 x 70 mm 12 sets. For the sterile room, the static pressure generated by the cooling unit shall be larger than the static pressure generated from the unit present in the semi sterile room. In other words, the sterile room must have positive pressure to the semi sterile room. It is intended that the air in the semi sterile room does not enter into the sterile room when the door between room opened. In this surgical room design and calculation, real temperature obtained is 23 °C ± 2 °C and the relative moisture obtained is 60% ± 2%.

Mcc Corrosion Tests at Reference Testing Conditions for A27 Cast steel in Hanford Ground Water

1986 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Merz ◽  
F. Gerber ◽  
R. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
High Level Nuclear Waste ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe Materials Characterization Center (MCC) at Pacific Northwest Lab- oratory is performing three kinds of corrosion tests for the Basalt Waste Isolation Project (BWIP) to establish the interlaboratory reproducibility and uncertainty of corrosion rates of container materials for high-level nuclear waste. The three types of corrosion tests were selected to address two distinct conditions that are expected in a repository constructed in basalt. An air/steam test is designed to address corrosion during the operational period and static pressure vessel and flowby tests are designed to address corrosion under conditions that bound the condi ring the post-closure period of the repository.The results of tests at reference testing conditions, which were defined to facilitate interlaboratory comparison of data, are presented. Data are reported for the BWIP/MCC-105.5 Air/Steam Test, BWIP/MCC-105.1 Static Pressure Vessel, and BWIP/MC-105.4 Flowby Test. In those cases where data are available from a second laboratory, a statistical analysis of interlaboratory results is reported and expected confidence intervals for mean corrosion rates are given. Other statistical treatment of data include analyses of the effects of vessel-to-vessel variations, test capsule variations for the flowby test, and oven-to-oven variations for air/steam tests.

Outlet Surface Area Influence in Spiral Casing Design on Centrifugal Fan Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Ardit Gjeta ◽  
Lorenc Malka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Fan Performance ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Spiral Casing ◽  
Pressure Recovery Coefficient

In this paper, the effect of the outlet surface area of the spiral casing on the performance of a centrifugal fan was investigated using open source CFD software OpenFOAM [1]. An automized loop with RANS and data post-processing is set up using Matlab, for allowing a large number of parameter variations. The effect was analyzed as a function of total pressure loss and static pressure recovery coefficient and on total efficiency as well.

Application of the new multi-component suspension model for skin-factor evaluating on the wells equipped with gravel packs

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Khasanov ◽  
◽  
K.E. Lezhnev ◽  
V.D. Pashkin ◽  
A.P. Roshchektaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Factor ◽  
Suspension Model

Mean velocity and static pressure distributions of a circular jet

AIAA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
M. T. Islam ◽  
M. A. T. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Static Pressure ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Pressure Distributions

Effect of semi-open impeller side clearance on centrifugal pump cavitation inception

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
A. Farid ◽  
A. Abou El-Azm Aly ◽  
H. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Cavitation Inception ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Input Pressure ◽  
Pump Head ◽  
Pump Pressure

Cavitation in pumps is the most severe condition that centrifugal pumps can work in and is leading to a loss in their performance.  Herein, the effect of semi-open centrifugal pump side clearance on the inception of pump cavitation has been investigated.  The input pump pressure has been changed from 80 to 16 kPa and the pump side clearance has been changed from 1 mm to 3 mm at a rotation speed of 1500 rpm. It has been shown that as the total input pressure decreased; the static pressure inside the impeller is reduced while the total pressure in streamwise direction has been reduced, also the pump head is constant with the reduction of the total input pressure until the cavitation is reached. Head is reduced due to cavitation inception; the head is reduced in the case of a closed impeller with a percent of 1.5% while it is reduced with a percent of 0.5% for pump side clearance of 1mm, both are at a pressure of 20 kPa.   Results also showed that the cavitation inception in the pump had been affected and delayed with the increase of the pump side clearance; the cavitation has been noticed to occur at approximate pressures of 20 kPa for side clearance of 1mm, 18 kPa for side clearances of 2mm and 16 kPa for 3mm.

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