Laboratory, Theoretical, and Field Studies of Emulsified Acid Treatments in High-Temperature Carbonate Formations

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Navarrete ◽  
B.A. Holms ◽  
S.B. McConnell ◽  
D.E. Linton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carbonate Formations ◽  
Acid Treatments

Integrated Approach to Diversion During Acid Treatments in Extended Intervals, High Temperature and Fractured Reservoirs (Russian)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Abdrazakov ◽  
Ruslan Kalabayev ◽  
Vladimir Stepanov ◽  
Yeltay Juldugulov ◽  
Campbell Kinnear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fractured Reservoirs ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Acid Treatments

Laboratory Studies of Ternary Surfactant Formulation for EOR in Oil-Wet, High-Temperature Carbonate Formations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura C. Puerto ◽  
Jose Luis Lopez-Salinas ◽  
Guoqing Jian ◽  
George J. Hirasaki ◽  
Clarence A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Carbonate Formations

Acid Placement: An Effective VES System to Stimulate High-Temperature Carbonate Formations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Gomaa ◽  
Jennifer Cutler ◽  
Qi Qu ◽  
Kay Cawiezel
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbonate Formations

Long-Term Field Aging of Warm-Mix and Hot-Mix Asphalt Binders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2632 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguang Zhang ◽  
Shihui Shen ◽  
Shenghua Wu ◽  
Louay N. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Term Field

Limited field studies have considered the aging of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) binders, especially from the perspective of long-term aging. This paper quantifies the long-term (10 to 82 months) field aging properties of WMA binders and the control hot-mix asphalt (HMA) binders and identifies the key factors associated with long-term field aging of asphalt. Asphalt binders from 23 field projects consisting of 65 HMA and WMA pavements were recovered, and high-temperature performance grade (PG) was tested. The effects of climate, month of aging, WMA technologies, and original binder high-temperature PG on field asphalt aging were analyzed. A prediction model that included multiple parameters was developed and validated. Results indicated that Evotherm WMA binder had a lower high-temperature PG than HMA binder shortly after construction, but this difference reduced with time. No statistical difference of field aging between HMA and WMA binders was observed. The climate effect on asphalt field aging was apparent within dry areas or freeze areas, whereas the aging difference between dry and freeze areas was inconclusive and requires further research. Other conclusions were that ( a) the field asphalt aging affects more of top-down longitudinal wheelpath crack than transverse crack, ( b) foaming WMA binder ages slowest of all binders considered, ( c) PG 64-XX and PG 70-XX binders aged more than PG 58-XX and PG 76-XX binders, and ( d) the prediction model had good agreement with test results and was well validated. The identified factors that affected field asphalt aging were overlay thickness, in-place air voids, effective binder content, complex shear modulus, and solar radiation.

scholarly journals Heat Stress After Pollination Reduces Kernel Number in Maize by Insufficient Assimilates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiduo Niu ◽  
Xiong Du ◽  
Dejie Wei ◽  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
Qian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Grain Starch

Global warming has increased the occurrence of high temperature stress in plants, including maize, resulting in decreased the grain number and yield. Previous studies indicate that heat stress mainly damages the pollen grains and thus lowered maize grain number. Other field studies have shown that heat stress after pollination results in kernel abortion. However, the mechanism by which high temperature affect grain abortion following pollination remains unclear. Hence, this study investigated the field grown heat-resistant maize variety “Zhengdan 958” (ZD958) and heat-sensitive variety “Xianyu 335” (XY335) under a seven-day heat stress treatment (HT) after pollination. Under HT, the grain numbers of XY335 and ZD958 were reduced by 10.9% (p = 0.006) and 5.3% (p = 0.129), respectively. The RNA sequencing analysis showed a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HT and the control in XY335 compared to ZD958. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) genes were downregulated by heat stress, and RuBPCase activity was significantly lowered by 14.1% (p = 0.020) in XY335 and 5.3% (p = 0.436) in ZD958 in comparison to CK. The soluble sugar and starch contents in the grains of XY335 were obviously reduced by 26.1 and 58.5%, respectively, with no distinct change observed in ZD958. Heat stress also inhibited the synthesis of grain starch, as shown by the low activities of metabolism-related enzymes. Under HT, the expression of trehalose metabolism genes in XY335 were upregulated, and these genes may be involved in kernel abortion at high temperature. In conclusion, this study revealed that post-pollination heat stress in maize mainly resulted in reduced carbohydrate availability for grain development, though the heat-resistant ZD958 was nevertheless able to maintain growth.

scholarly journals Preservation Methods Differ in Fecal Microbiome Stability, Affecting Suitability for Field Studies

mSystems ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Jin Song ◽  
Amnon Amir ◽  
Jessica L. Metcalf ◽  
Katherine R. Amato ◽  
Zhenjiang Zech Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
Fta Cards ◽  
Opening Up

ABSTRACT Our study, spanning 15 individuals and over 1,200 samples, provides our most comprehensive view to date of storage and stabilization effects on stool. We tested five methods for preserving human and dog fecal specimens for periods of up to 8 weeks, including the types of variation often encountered under field conditions, such as freeze-thaw cycles and high temperature fluctuations. We show that several cost-effective methods provide excellent microbiome stability out to 8 weeks, opening up a range of field studies with humans and wildlife that would otherwise be cost-prohibitive. Immediate freezing at −20°C or below has been considered the gold standard for microbiome preservation, yet this approach is not feasible for many field studies, ranging from anthropology to wildlife conservation. Here we tested five methods for preserving human and dog fecal specimens for periods of up to 8 weeks, including such types of variation as freeze-thaw cycles and the high temperature fluctuations often encountered under field conditions. We found that three of the methods—95% ethanol, FTA cards, and the OMNIgene Gut kit—can preserve samples sufficiently well at ambient temperatures such that differences at 8 weeks are comparable to differences among technical replicates. However, even the worst methods, including those with no fixative, were able to reveal microbiome differences between species at 8 weeks and between individuals after a week, allowing meta-analyses of samples collected using various methods when the effect of interest is expected to be larger than interindividual variation (although use of a single method within a study is strongly recommended to reduce batch effects). Encouragingly for FTA cards, the differences caused by this method are systematic and can be detrended. As in other studies, we strongly caution against the use of 70% ethanol. The results, spanning 15 individuals and over 1,200 samples, provide our most comprehensive view to date of storage effects on stool and provide a paradigm for the future studies of other sample types that will be required to provide a global view of microbial diversity and its interaction among humans, animals, and the environment. IMPORTANCE Our study, spanning 15 individuals and over 1,200 samples, provides our most comprehensive view to date of storage and stabilization effects on stool. We tested five methods for preserving human and dog fecal specimens for periods of up to 8 weeks, including the types of variation often encountered under field conditions, such as freeze-thaw cycles and high temperature fluctuations. We show that several cost-effective methods provide excellent microbiome stability out to 8 weeks, opening up a range of field studies with humans and wildlife that would otherwise be cost-prohibitive.

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