Effect of Viscous Forces and Initial Water Saturation on Water Injection in Water-Wet and Mixed-Wet Fractured Porous Media

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Qing Tang ◽  
Abbas Firoozabadi
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Fractured Porous Media ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Viscous Forces

Oil recovery from fractured porous media with/without initial water saturation by using 3-pentanone and its aqueous solution

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 118031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Argüelles-Vivas ◽  
Mingyuan Wang ◽  
Gayan A. Abeykoon ◽  
Ryosuke Okuno
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Fractured Porous Media ◽  
Initial Water

Pore-scale investigation of immiscible displacement process in porous media under high-frequency sound waves

2011 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 336-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHOSROW NADERI ◽  
TAYFUN BABADAGLI
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Immiscible Displacement ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Ultrasonic Radiation ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Injection Rates

Although experimental and theoretical studies have been performed to identify the effects of elastic waves on multi-phase flow in porous structures, the literature lacks finely tuned experiments at the micro-scale. This paper reports observations and critical analysis of immiscible displacement in micro-scale porous media under ultrasonic energy. A number of experiments are performed on homogeneous and heterogeneous micromodels for varying wave frequency and power, initial water saturation, wettability and injection rates. We show that ultrasonic radiation influences the displacement pattern and yields lower residual non-wetting phase (oil) behind when low injection rates are applied. Higher wave frequency results in faster recovery of oil, but the ultimate recovery is controlled mainly by wave intensity. The presence of initial water saturation has a positive effect on the displacement, especially in an oil-wet medium. Of the possible mechanisms suggested for recovery enhancement under ultrasonic radiation, deformation of pore walls and change in fluid properties due to heating are not an issue in these experiments but other mechanisms including coalescence of oil droplets under oscillation, reduction of wetting films, adherence to grains and the peristaltic movement of fluids due to mechanical vibration were observed to be effective and are discussed in the analysis of the visual observations.

Influence of Initial Water Saturation on Recovery by Spontaneous Imbibition in Gas/Water/Rock Systems and the Calculation of Relative Permeability

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewen Li ◽  
Kevin Chow ◽  
Roland N. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Spontaneous Imbibition ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

Summary It has been a challenge to understand why recovery by spontaneous imbibition could both increase and decrease with initial water saturation. To this end, mathematical models were developed with porosity, permeability, viscosity, relative permeability, capillary pressure, and initial water saturation included. These equations foresee that recovery and imbibition rate can increase, remain unchanged, or decrease with an increase in initial water saturation, depending on rock properties, the quantity of residual gas saturation, the range of initial water saturation, and the units used in the definitions of gas recovery and imbibition rate. The theoretical predictions were verified experimentally by conducting spontaneous water imbibition at five different initial water saturations, ranging from 0 to approximately 50%. The effects of initial water saturation on residual saturation, relative permeability, capillary pressure, imbibition rate, and recovery in gas/water/rock systems by cocurrent spontaneous imbibition were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Water-phase relative permeabilities and capillary pressures were calculated with the experimental data of spontaneous imbibition. Experimental results in different rocks were compared. Introduction Spontaneous water imbibition is an important mechanism during water injection. Prediction of recovery and imbibition rate by spontaneous water imbibition is essential to evaluate the feasibility and the performance of water injection. For example, is water injection effective in the case of high initial water saturation in reservoirs? Answers to such a question may be found by investigating the effect of initial water saturation on spontaneous water imbibition. It has been observed experimentally that initial water saturation affects recovery and production rate significantly (Blair 1964; Zhou et al. 2000; Viksund et al. 1998; Cil et al. 1998; Tong et al. 2001; Li and Firoozabadi 2000; Akin et al. 2000). However, the experimental observations from different authors (Zhou et al. 2000; Cil et al. 1998; Li and Firoozabadi 2000; Akin et al. 2000) are not consistent. On the other hand, few studies have investigated the effect of initial water saturation on recovery and imbibition rate theoretically, especially in gas reservoirs. Using numerical-simulation techniques, Blair (1964) found that the quantity and the rate of oil produced after a given period of imbibition increased with a decrease in initial water saturation for countercurrent spontaneous imbibition. Zhou et al. (2000) found that both imbibition rate and final oil recovery in terms of oil originally in place (OOIP) increased with an increase in initial water saturation, whereas oil recovery by waterflooding decreased. Viksund et al. (1998) found that the final oil recovery (OOIP) by spontaneous water imbibition in Berea sandstone showed little variation with a change in initial water saturation from 0 to approximately 30%. For the chalk samples tested by Viksund et al. (1998), the imbibition rate first increased with an increase in initial water saturation and then decreased slightly as initial water saturation increased above 34%.Cil et al. (1998) reported that the oil recovery (in terms of recoverable oil reserves) for zero and 20% initial water saturation showed insignificant differences in behavior. However, the oil recovery for initial water saturation above 20% increased with an increase in initial water saturation. Li and Firoozabadi (2000) found that the final gas recovery in the units of gas originally in place (GOIP) by spontaneous imbibition decreased with an increase in initial water saturation in both gas/oil/rock and gas/water/rock systems. The imbibition rate (GOIP/min) increased with an increase in initial water saturation at early time but decreased at later time. Akin et al. (2000) found that the residual oil saturation was unaffected significantly by initial water saturation. In this study, equations, derived theoretically, were used to study the effect of initial water saturation on gas recovery and imbibition rate. The equations correlate recovery, imbibition rate, initial water saturation, rock/fluid properties, and other parameters. Experiments of spontaneous water imbibition in gas-saturated rocks were conducted to confirm the theoretical predictions. The effect of rock properties on gas recovery and imbibition rate was also studied. An X-ray CT scanner was used to monitor the distribution of the initial water saturation to confirm that the initial distribution of the water saturation was uniform. In this study, we only focused on cocurrent spontaneous imbibition. It was assumed that there were no chemical reactions or mass transfer between gas and liquid.

scholarly journals Wettability Effects on Capillary Pressure, Relative Permeability, and Irredcucible Saturation Using Porous Plate

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Falode ◽  
Edo Manuel
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Porous Plate ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Phase Saturation

An understanding of the mechanisms by which oil is displaced from porous media requires the knowledge of the role of wettability and capillary forces in the displacement process. The determination of representative capillary pressure (Pc) data and wettability index of a reservoir rock is needed for the prediction of the fluids distribution in the reservoir: the initial water saturation and the volume of reserves. This study shows how wettability alteration of an initially water-wet reservoir rock to oil-wet affects the properties that govern multiphase flow in porous media, that is, capillary pressure, relative permeability, and irreducible saturation. Initial water-wet reservoir core samples with porosities ranging from 23 to 33%, absolute air permeability of 50 to 233 md, and initial brine saturation of 63 to 87% were first tested as water-wet samples under air-brine system. This yielded irreducible wetting phase saturation of 19 to 21%. The samples were later tested after modifying their wettability to oil-wet using a surfactant obtained from glycerophtalic paint; and the results yielded irreducible wetting phase saturation of 25 to 34%. From the results of these experiments, changing the wettability of the samples to oil-wet improved the recovery of the wetting phase.

The Effect of Initial Water Saturation on Enhanced Water Imbibition by Surfactant for Fractured Tight Porous Media

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyuan Wang ◽  
Francisco J. Argüelles-Vivas ◽  
Gayan A. Abeykoon ◽  
Ryosuke Okuno
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Tight Porous Media
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