A 3D Field-Scale Streamline-Based Reservoir Simulator

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Batycky ◽  
M.J. Blunt ◽  
M.R. Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Field Scale ◽  
Reservoir Simulator

Core-to-Field-Scale Simulations of Polymer Viscoelastic Effect on Oil Recovery Using the Extended Viscoelastic Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mursal Zeynalli ◽  
Emad W. Al-Shalabi ◽  
Waleed AlAmeri
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Trapping Number ◽  
Reservoir Simulator

Abstract Being one of the most commonly used chemical EOR methods, polymer flooding can substantially improve both macroscopic and microscopic recovery efficiencies by sweeping bypassed oil and mobilizing residual oil, respectively. However, a proper estimation of incremental oil to polymer flooding requires an accurate prediction of the complex rheological response of polymers. In this paper, a novel viscoelastic model that comprehensively analyzes the polymer rheology in porous media is used in a reservoir simulator to predict the recovery efficiency to polymer flooding at both core- and field-scales. The extended viscoelastic model can capture polymer Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior, as well as mechanical degradation that may take place at ultimate shear rates. The rheological model was implemented in an open- source reservoir simulator. In addition, the effect of polymer viscoelasticity on displacement efficiency was also captured through trapping number. The calculation of trapping number and corresponding residual-phase saturation was verified against a commercial simulator. Core-scale tertiary polymer flooding predictions revealed the positive effect of injection rate and polymer concentration on oil displacement efficiency. It was found that high polymer concentration (>2000 ppm) is needed to displace residual oil at reservoir rate as opposed to near injector well rate. On the other hand, field-scale predictions of polymer flooding were performed in a quarter 5-spot well pattern, using rock and fluid properties representing the Middle East carbonate reservoirs. The field-simulation studies showed that tertiary polymer flooding might improve both volumetric sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency. For this case study, incremental oil recovery by polymer flooding is estimated at around 11 %OOIP, which includes about 4 %OOIP residual oil mobilized by viscoelastic polymers. Furthermore, the effect of different parameters on the polymer flooding efficiency was investigated through sensitivity analysis. This study provides more insight into the robustness of the extended viscoelastic model as well as its effect on polymer injectivity and related oil recovery at both core- and field-scales. The proposed polymer viscoelastic model can be easily implemented into any commercial reservoir simulator for representative field-scale predictions of polymer flooding.

Modeling and Simulation of Nitrate Injection for Reservoir Souring Remediation

SPE Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 817-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Haghshenas ◽  
Kamy Sepehrnoori ◽  
Steven L. Bryant ◽  
Mohammad Ali Farhadinia
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Biological Reaction ◽  
Reservoir Simulator ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Summary Reservoir souring refers to the onset of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production during waterflooding. Besides health and safety issues, H2S content reduces the value of the produced hydrocarbon. Nitrate injection is an effective method to prevent the formation of H2S. Designing this process requires the modeling of a complicated set of biogeochemical reactions involved in the production of H2S and its inhibition. This paper describes the modeling and simulation of biological reactions associated with the injection of nitrate to inhibit reservoir souring. The model is implemented in a general-purpose adaptive reservoir simulator (GPAS). To the best of our knowledge, GPAS is the first field-scale reservoir simulator that models reservoir souring treatment. The basic mechanism in the biologically mediated generation of H2S is the reaction between sulfate in the injection water and fatty acids in the formation water in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). There are proposed mechanisms that describe the effect of nitrate injection on souring remediation. Depending on the circumstances, more than one mechanism may occur at the same time. These mechanisms include the inhibitory effect of nitrite on sulfate reduction, the competition between SRB and nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB), and the stimulation of nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB). For each mechanism, we specify the biological species and chemical components involved and determine the role of each component in the biological reaction. For every biological reaction, a set of ordinary differential equations along with differential equations for the transport of chemical and biological species are solved. The results of reported experiments in the literature are used to find the input parameters for field-scale simulations. This reservoir simulator can then predict the onset of reservoir souring and the effectiveness of nitrate injection and helps in the design of the process. The comprehensive modeling accounts for variation in biological system characteristics and reservoir conditions that affect the production and remediation of H2S.

A Streamline-Based 3D Field-Scale Compositional Reservoir Simulator

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco R. Thiele ◽  
Rod P. Batycky ◽  
Martin J. Blunt
Keyword(s):  
Field Scale ◽  
Reservoir Simulator

Temperature Influence on Performance of Oxidation Ponds

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingliang Zhao ◽  
Zijie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Computer Technique ◽  
Oxidation Pond ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Oxidation Ponds ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship

By means of simulated tests of a laboratory–scale oxidation pond model, the relationship between BOD5 and temperature fluctuation was researched. Mathematical modelling for the pond's performance and K1determination were systematically described. The calculation of T–K1–CeCe/Ci) was complex but the problem was solved by utilizing computer technique in the paper, and the mathematical model which could best simulate experiment data was developed. On the basis of experiment results,the concept of plug–ratio–coefficient is also presented. Finally the optimum model recommended here was verified with the field–scale pond data.

Innovations in Measuring Field Scale Biological Methane Oxidation at Two Soil-Covered Closed Landfills

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-130
Author(s):  
Tarek Abichou ◽  
Haykel Melaouhia ◽  
Bentley Higgs ◽  
Jeff Chanton ◽  
Roger Green
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Measuring Field

scholarly journals Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Imagery to Detect Winter Wheat Fusarium Head Blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3024
Author(s):  
Huiqin Ma ◽  
Wenjiang Huang ◽  
Yingying Dong ◽  
Linyi Liu ◽  
Anting Guo
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Hyperspectral Imagery ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Feature Combination ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Detection Model

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major winter wheat disease in China. The accurate and timely detection of wheat FHB is vital to scientific field management. By combining three types of spectral features, namely, spectral bands (SBs), vegetation indices (VIs), and wavelet features (WFs), in this study, we explore the potential of using hyperspectral imagery obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), to detect wheat FHB. First, during the wheat filling period, two UAV-based hyperspectral images were acquired. SBs, VIs, and WFs that were sensitive to wheat FHB were extracted and optimized from the two images. Subsequently, a field-scale wheat FHB detection model was formulated, based on the optimal spectral feature combination of SBs, VIs, and WFs (SBs + VIs + WFs), using a support vector machine. Two commonly used data normalization algorithms were utilized before the construction of the model. The single WFs, and the spectral feature combination of optimal SBs and VIs (SBs + VIs), were respectively used to formulate models for comparison and testing. The results showed that the detection model based on the normalized SBs + VIs + WFs, using min–max normalization algorithm, achieved the highest R2 of 0.88 and the lowest RMSE of 2.68% among the three models. Our results suggest that UAV-based hyperspectral imaging technology is promising for the field-scale detection of wheat FHB. Combining traditional SBs and VIs with WFs can improve the detection accuracy of wheat FHB effectively.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation to characterize simple versus multi scaling analysis of hydraulic conductivity at a mesoscale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Federico Antonio Brunetti ◽  
Samuele De Bartolo ◽  
Carmine Fallico ◽  
Ferdinando Frega ◽  
Maria Fernanda Rivera Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Porous Formation ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe spatial variability of the aquifers' hydraulic properties can be satisfactorily described by means of scaling laws. The latter enable one to relate the small (typically laboratory) scale to the larger (typically formation/regional) ones, therefore leading de facto to an upscaling procedure. In the present study, we are concerned with the spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity K into a strongly heterogeneous porous formation. A strategy, allowing one to identify correctly the single/multiple scaling of K, is applied for the first time to a large caisson, where the medium was packed. In particular, we show how to identify the various scaling ranges with special emphasis on the determination of the related cut-off limits. Finally, we illustrate how the heterogeneity enhances with the increasing scale of observation, by identifying the proper law accounting for the transition from the laboratory to the field scale. Results of the present study are of paramount utility for the proper design of pumping tests in formations where the degree of spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity does not allow regarding them as “weakly heterogeneous”, as well as for the study of dispersion mechanisms.

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