A New LWD Dual Imager with Incorporated Feedback Improves Image Quality in OBM: Some Learnings form Abu Dhabi Offshore Carbonates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nashat Abbas ◽  
Jamal Al Noukhatha ◽  
Khulood Al Nayadi ◽  
Chandramani Shrivastava ◽  
Tianhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Drilling Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Images ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent developments in Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) technology have enabled high-resolution borehole imaging in oil-base mud that used to be a long-standing challenge. New applications to enhance image interpretation and maintain feature-integrity were developed with feedback from Abu Dhabi field examples of recently deployed LWD dual imager where hostile drilling conditions impacted the high-resolution ultrasonic image quality. The new dual imager has 4 ultrasonic sensors and 2 electromagnetic sensors (for resistivity image) mounted on a 15-ft sub in the drilling bottom-hole assembly (BHA). It provides ultrasonic amplitude and travel-time images at two central frequencies in addition to apparent resistivity images composed of four operating frequency measurements. A long lateral of around 8000-ft was drilled with this new imager through challenging heterogeneous carbonates and data was analyzed for geological interpretation. Based on the feedback for data quality improvement in certain intervals, the impact of shock & vibration on high-resolution (0.2") ultrasonic images was analyzed in time domain with simulated data first to understand the behavior of causative factors independently. Afterwards, the new algorithms were developed and deployed to maintain feature integrity of the data. The validation on field-data provided much-needed validation for the results in hostile drilling conditions. Resistivity images provided all the bedding and textural information (vugs, stylolites) with high confidence images at around 0.8" resolution. Higher resolution (0.2") ultrasonic images provided concrete information about vugs distribution for secondary porosity with quantitative interpretation on vug-indices. In addition, feedback provided from real time data was incorporated in subsequent processing and development of an image processing app that effectively fixes the depth-filtering related to drilling-induced events and stick-slip. Re-processing of the data provided high quality images that were used for high-resolution geological interpretation. Confident feature recognition was input into interpretation application hitherto available only in water-base mud while drilling. Results of this study with feedback incorporated to field-data from Abu Dhabi helped better the geological interpretation in hostile drilling condition as well, minimizing the need for e-line imaging.

New LWD Image Improvement Method to Mitigate Interpretation Risks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhua Zhang ◽  
Shiduo Yang ◽  
Chandramani Shrivastava ◽  
Adrian A ◽  
Nadege Bize-Forest
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Wellbore Temperature

Abstract With the advancement of LWD (Logging While Drilling) hardware and acquisition, the imaging technology becomes not only an indispensable part of the drilling tool string, but also the image resolution increases to map layers and heterogeneity features down to less than 5mm scale. This shortens the geological interpretation turn-around time from wireline logging time (hours to days after drilling) to semi-real time (drilling time or hours after drilling). At the same time, drilling motion is complex. The depth tracking is on the surface referenced to the surface block movement. The imaging sensor located downhole can be thousands of feet away from the surface. Mechanical torque and drag, wellbore friction, wellbore temperature and weight on bit can make the downhole sensor movement motion not synchronized with surface pipe depth. This will cause time- depth conversion step generate image artifacts that either stop real-time interpretation of geological features or mis-interpret features on high resolution images. In this paper, we present several LWD images featuring distortion mechanism during the drilling process using synthetic data. We investigated how heave, depth reset and downhole sensor stick/slip caused image distortions. We provide solutions based on downhole sensor pseudo velocity computation to minimize the image distortion. The best practice in using Savitsky-Golay filter are presented in the discussion sections. Finally, some high-resolution LWD images distorted with drilling-related artifacts and processed ones are shown to demonstrate the importance of image post-processing. With the proper processed images, we can minimize interpretation risks and make drilling decisions with more confidence.

Atomic resolution characterisation of interface structures by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
N. D. Browning ◽  
M. M. McGibbon ◽  
M. F. Chisholm ◽  
S. J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The recent development of the Z-contrast imaging technique for the VG HB501 UX dedicated STEM, has added a high-resolution imaging facility to a microscope used mainly for microanalysis. This imaging technique not only provides a high-resolution reference image, but as it can be performed simultaneously with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), can be used to position the electron probe at the atomic scale. The spatial resolution of both the image and the energy loss spectrum can be identical, and in principle limited only by the 2.2 Å probe size of the microscope. There now exists, therefore, the possibility to perform chemical analysis of materials on the scale of single atomic columns or planes.In order to achieve atomic resolution energy loss spectroscopy, the range over which a fast electron can cause a particular excitation event, must be less than the interatomic spacing. This range is described classically by the impact parameter, b, which ranges from ~10 Å for the low loss region of the spectrum to <1Å for the core losses.

USING FIELD DATA FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF ULTRA-LOW FREQUENCY MOTIONS ON THE FATIGUE OF MOORING LINES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Borzacchiello ◽  
Carl Albrecht ◽  
Fabricio N Correa ◽  
Breno Jacob ◽  
Guilherme da Silva Leal
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
The Impact

VIS-NIR LED Illumination in Backside Circuit Edit and Optical Probing Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shida Tan ◽  
Richard H. Livengood ◽  
Dane Scott ◽  
Roy Hallstein ◽  
Pat Pardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Optical Probing

Abstract High resolution optical imaging is critical in assisting backside circuit edit (CE) and optical probing navigation. In this paper, we demonstrated improved optical image quality using VIS-NIR narrow band light emitting diode (LED) illumination in various FIB and optical probing platforms. The proof of concept was demonstrated with both common non-contact air gap lenses and solid immersion lenses (SIL).

scholarly journals Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4658
Author(s):  
Artur Guzy ◽  
Wojciech T. Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Model ◽  
Impact Of Mining

Land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal induced by mining is a relatively unknown phenomenon. This is primarily due to the small scale of such movements compared to the land subsidence caused by deposit extraction. Nonetheless, the environmental impact of drainage-related land subsidence remains underestimated. The research was carried out in the “Bogdanka” coal mine in Poland. First, the historical impact of mining on land subsidence and groundwater head changes was investigated. The outcomes of these studies were used to construct the influence method model. With field data, our model was successfully calibrated and validated. Finally, it was used for land subsidence estimation for 2030. As per the findings, the field of mining exploitation has the greatest land subsidence. In 2014, the maximum value of the phenomenon was 0.313 cm. However, this value will reach 0.364 m by 2030. The spatial extent of land subsidence caused by mining-induced drainage extends up to 20 km beyond the mining area’s boundaries. The presented model provided land subsidence patterns without the need for a complex numerical subsidence model. As a result, the method presented can be effectively used for land subsidence regulation plans considering the impact of mining on the aquifer system.

Why Ecological Momentary Assessment Surveys Go Incomplete?: When It Happens and How It Impacts Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Elizabeth Stangl ◽  
Shareka Pentony ◽  
Dhruv Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) often requires respondents to complete surveys in the moment to report real-time experiences. Because EMA may seem disruptive or intrusive, respondents may not complete surveys as directed in certain circumstances. Purpose This article aims to determine the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of instances where respondents do not complete EMA surveys (referred to as survey incompletion), and to estimate the impact of survey incompletion on EMA self-report data. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Ten adults hearing aid (HA) users. Data Collection and Analysis Experienced, bilateral HA users were recruited and fit with study HAs. The study HAs were equipped with real-time data loggers, an algorithm that logged the data generated by HAs (e.g., overall sound level, environment classification, and feature status including microphone mode and amount of gain reduction). The study HAs were also connected via Bluetooth to a smartphone app, which collected the real-time data logging data as well as presented the participants with EMA surveys about their listening environments and experiences. The participants were sent out to wear the HAs and complete surveys for 1 week. Real-time data logging was triggered when participants completed surveys and when participants ignored or snoozed surveys. Data logging data were used to estimate the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of survey incompletion, and to predict participants' responses to survey questions in the instances of survey incompletion. Results Across the 10 participants, 715 surveys were completed and survey incompletion occurred 228 times. Mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that survey incompletion was more likely to happen in the environments that were less quiet and contained more speech, noise, and machine sounds, and in the environments wherein directional microphones and noise reduction algorithms were enabled. The results of survey response prediction further indicated that the participants could have reported more challenging environments and more listening difficulty in the instances of survey incompletion. However, the difference in the distribution of survey responses between the observed responses and the combined observed and predicted responses was small. Conclusion The present study indicates that EMA survey incompletion occurs systematically. Although survey incompletion could bias EMA self-report data, the impact is likely to be small.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicle Integration into Road Transportation, Intelligent Transportation, and Electric Power Systems: An Abu Dhabi Case Study

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1057
Author(s):  
Amro M. Farid ◽  
Asha Viswanath ◽  
Reem Al-Junaibi ◽  
Deema Allan ◽  
Thomas J. T. Van der Van der Wardt
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Unit Distance ◽  
The Impact

Recently, electric vehicles (EV) have gained much attention as a potential enabling technology to support CO2 emissions reduction targets. Relative to their internal combustion vehicle counterparts, EVs consume less energy per unit distance, and add the benefit of not emitting any carbon dioxide in operation and instead shift their emissions to the existing local fleet of power generation. However, the true success of EVs depends on their successful integration with the supporting infrastructure systems. Building upon the recently published methodology for the same purpose, this paper presents a “systems-of-systems” case study assessing the impacts of EVs on these three systems in the context of Abu Dhabi. For the physical transportation system, a microscopic discrete-time traffic operations simulator is used to predict the kinematic state of the EV fleet over the duration of one day. For the impact on the intelligent transportation system (ITS), the integration of EVs into Abu Dhabi is studied using a multi-domain matrix (MDM) of the Abu Dhabi Department of Transportation ITS. Finally, for the impact on the electric power system, the EV traffic flow patterns from the CMS are used to calculate the timing and magnitude of charging loads. The paper concludes with the need for an intelligent transportation-energy system (ITES) which would coordinate traffic and energy management functionality.

scholarly journals P‐13.5: The impact of Gate Loading on Image Quality for large & middle size AM‐OLED display devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
Yang Guobo ◽  
Qiu Haijun ◽  
Huang Weiyun ◽  
Yang Yuqing ◽  
Long Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Display Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oled Display

scholarly journals Kinematics and dynamics analysis of new rotary-percussive PDM drilling tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842198915
Author(s):  
Jialin Tian ◽  
Xuehua Hu ◽  
Liming Dai ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drill String ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a new drilling tool with multidirectional and controllable vibrations for enhancing the drilling rate of penetration and reducing the wellbore friction in complex well structure. Based on the structure design, the working mechanism is analyzed in downhole conditions. Then, combined with the impact theory and the drilling process, the theoretical models including the various impact forces are established. Also, to study the downhole performance, the bottom hole assembly dynamics characteristics in new condition are discussed. Moreover, to study the influence of key parameters on the impact force, the parabolic effect of the tool and the rebound of the drill string were considered, and the kinematics and mechanical properties of the new tool under working conditions were calculated. For the importance of the roller as a vibration generator, the displacement trajectory of the roller under different rotating speed and weight on bit was compared and analyzed. The reliable and accuracy of the theoretical model were verified by comparing the calculation results and experimental test results. The results show that the new design can produce a continuous and stable periodic impact. By adjusting the design parameter matching to the working condition, the bottom hole assembly with the new tool can improve the rate of penetration and reduce the wellbore friction or drilling stick-slip with benign vibration. The analysis model can also be used for a similar method or design just by changing the relative parameters. The research and results can provide references for enhancing drilling efficiency and safe production.

scholarly journals Observations of Winter Ablation on Glaciers in the Mount Everest Region in 2020–2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2692
Author(s):  
Mauri Pelto ◽  
Prajjwal Panday ◽  
Tom Matthews ◽  
Jon Maurer ◽  
L. Baker Perry
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Freezing Level ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Base Camp ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Recent observations of rising snow lines and reduced snow-covered areas on glaciers during the October 2020–January 2021 period in the Nepal–China region of Mount Everest in Landsat and Sentinel imagery highlight observations that significant ablation has occurred in recent years on many Himalayan glaciers in the post-monsoon and early winter periods. For the first time, we now have weather stations providing real-time data in the Mount Everest region that may sufficiently transect the post-monsoon snow line elevation region. These sensors have been placed by the Rolex National Geographic Perpetual Planet expedition. Combining in situ weather records and remote sensing data provides a unique opportunity to examine the impact of the warm and dry conditions during the 2020 post-monsoon period through to the 2020/2021 winter on glaciers in the Mount Everest region. The ablation season extended through January 2021. Winter (DJF) ERA5 reanalysis temperature reconstructions for Everest Base Camp (5315 m) for the 1950–February 2021 period indicate that six days in the January 10–15 period in 2021 fell in the top 1% of all winter days since 1950, with January 13, January 14, and January 12, being the first, second, and third warmest winter days in the 72-year period. This has also led to the highest freezing levels in winter for the 1950–2021 period, with the January 12–14 period being the only period in winter with a freezing level above 6000 m.

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