Holistic Customized Approach to Address Practical Challenges for the Large Scale Implementation of Limited Entry Liners Completions at ADNOC Onshore Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nazri Talib ◽  
Subba Venkata Ramarao ◽  
Kevin McNeily ◽  
Ernesto Barragan ◽  
Yugal Maheshwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
High Pressure Pump ◽  
Limited Entry

Abstract Limited entry liners (LEL) implementation strategy is one of the key solutions to to improve the well productivity by maximizing the reservoir contact and matrix stimulation carbonate reservoirs. This strategy requires conducting high rate and high volume acid stimulation with high pressure pump after the installation of limted entry liner, that poses practical concerns to be addressed for adopting conventional well completions and existing resources. In addition, implementation of the LEL completion and stimulation for a large scale application within the minimum time frame and limited resources is a challenge. This paper provides the detail of challenges faced and solutions adopted to implement the LEL completions amd stimulation at onshore fields. Challenges including suitable candidate selection, completion design, limited materials for well construction to handle high-volume acid stimulation, limited well head injection pressure, contractual limitations for securing the tools and pumping equipment. Further, this paper discusses about the temporary solutions adopted for executing the LEL implementation in the best economical way within near future and provide the long term solutions for LEL implementation in the next 5 years business. The first three LEL completion wells that were successfully installed and stimulated at ADNOC Onshore are currently producing at more than 2 times higher PI (productivity index) compared to the pre-stimulation rate. The same apply to the injector wells, in which significant improvement on the injection rate of up to 18bbl/min (26000 bwpd) was observed. Currently ADNOC Onshore is planning to execute the LEL completion and stimulation in additional 15 wells during 2021 along with plan for up to 300 LEL completions during the next 5 years. The LEL technology is a key technology to support ADNOC lower completion strategy which aim to minimize the bare foot completions in order to increase the horizontal wellbore accessibility and effective stimulation. Overall, the first LEL installation and stimulation completed within 8 months from the candidate finalization using the existing resources available in ADNOC Onshore. This paper describes an economical solution for implementation of LEL completion strategy at large scale for major fields within minimum time frame by utilizing the existing resources while adhering to HSE rules.

ADNOC's Smart Liner Initiative – A Step-Change in Matrix-Acid Stimulation Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Mogensen ◽  
Graham Edmonstone
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Matrix ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Pump Rate ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Limited Entry ◽  
To Come ◽  
Stimulation Efficiency

Abstract ADNOC is progressing with large-scale rig-less high-rate matrix stimulation by deployment of advanced lower completions. A key contribution to future production growth is expected to come from these "Smart Liners" that rely on the principles of the limited-entry technique. The concept is based on a number of small, pre-drilled and unevenly spaced holes which enable an even distribution of acid along the entire reservoir drain to be stimulated. The smart liner incorporates swellable packers to avoid annular flow of acid to preferential zones and to isolate segments with heterogeneities. In this work, we focus on aspects related to planning, design and execution of high-rate matrix-acid stimulation of wells. We demonstrate that short wells need a different design approach compared to extended-reach wells and we provide guidelines on how to achieve the highest achievable pump rate and desired acid volume subject to reservoir, well and equipment constraints. The carbonate reservoirs typically exhibit considerable variation in permeability along the well, hence techniques for production profiling, such as inline tracers, are valuable for assessing the actual stimulation effectiveness. Wormhole penetration for a particular acid system will vary depending on the rock petrophysical properties and the reservoir properties; therefore, a systematic data analytics project is on-going.

Insights of Wormhole Propagation During Carbonate Acidizing: A Comparison Between Constant Injection Pressure Versus Constant Volumetric Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Gomaa ◽  
Andrea Nino-Penaloza ◽  
Jennifer Cutler ◽  
Saleem Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Acid Injection ◽  
Volumetric Rate ◽  
Two Parameters

Acidizing of carbonate reservoirs is a common technique used to restore and enhance production by dissolving a small fraction of the rock to create highly conductive channels. Literature review reveals that most acidizing studies are focused on acid injection at a constant volumetric rate (CVR) instead of at a constant injection pressure (CIP). Therefore, the primary objective of the present work is to investigate the benefits and recommended applications of each technique. The study analyzes dissolution patterns and wormhole propagation rate. A coreflood study was conducted using different Indiana limestone cores to assess both techniques. Additionally, a two-dimensional (2D) wormhole model was used to mathematically describe the acidizing phenomena. The algorithm is based on a 2D radial flow system that iterates time to quantify wormhole propagation and injection rate. Wormhole velocity is calculated by an empirical laboratory model that depends on two parameters measured from core flow testing. Therefore, the algorithm captures the essential physics and chemistry of the acid reaction in a carbonate porous medium. The study confirmed that conical, wormhole, and branched types of acid dissolution patterns exist for both techniques (CVR or CIP). Unlike in the CVR technique, dissolution patterns during the CIP technique can change and tend toward a branched dissolution regime. The CIP technique required a lower acid volume to achieve a breakthrough in the conical dissolution regime and a higher acid volume to achieve a breakthrough in the branched dissolution regime compared to the CVR technique. In a dominant wormhole pattern, both techniques required nearly the same acid volume for a breakthrough. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed that the CIP technique developed a uniform wormhole at a low initial injection rate. For the CIP technique, the acid injection rate increased exponentially with the volume of the acid injected. The CIP technique is recommended for a low-permeability reservoir where acid injection at a high rate is not possible to avoid face dissolution wormhole patterns. On the other hand, the CVR technique is recommended for a medium—to the high-permeability reservoir where high acid injection rate can be achieved.

Zeitstrukturen im Jazz

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Alexander Becker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Jazz Music ◽  
The Moment

Wie erlebt der Hörer Jazz? Bei dieser Frage geht es unter anderem um die Art und Weise, wie Jazz die Zeit des Hörens gestaltet. Ein an klassischer Musik geschultes Ohr erwartet von musikalischer Zeitgestaltung, den zeitlichen Rahmen, der durch Anfang und Ende gesetzt ist, von innen heraus zu strukturieren und neu zu konstituieren. Doch das ist keine Erwartung, die dem Jazz gerecht wird. Im Jazz wird der Moment nicht im Hinblick auf ein Ziel gestaltet, das von einer übergeordneten Struktur bereitgestellt wird, sondern so, dass er den Bewegungsimpuls zum nächsten Moment weiterträgt. Wie wirkt sich dieses Prinzip der Zeitgestaltung auf die musikalische Form im Großen aus? Der Aufsatz untersucht diese Frage anhand von Beispielen, an denen sich der Weg der Transformation von einer klassischen zu einer dem Jazz angemessenen Form gut nachverfolgen lässt.<br><br>How do listeners experience Jazz? This is a question also about how Jazz music organizes the listening time. A classically educated listener expects a piece of music to structure, unify and thereby re-constitute the externally given time frame. Such an expectation is foreign to Jazz music which doesn’t relate the moment to a goal provided by a large scale structure. Rather, one moment is carried on to the next, preserving the stimulus potentially ad infinitum. How does such an organization of time affect the large scale form? The paper tries to answer this question by analyzing two examples which permit to trace the transformation of a classical form into a form germane to Jazz music.

The Green New Deal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hockett
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Good News ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The One ◽  
In Virtue Of

This white paper lays out the guiding vision behind the Green New Deal Resolution proposed to the U.S. Congress by Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Senator Bill Markey in February of 2019. It explains the senses in which the Green New Deal is 'green' on the one hand, and a new 'New Deal' on the other hand. It also 'makes the case' for a shamelessly ambitious, not a low-ball or slow-walked, Green New Deal agenda. At the core of the paper's argument lies the observation that only a true national mobilization on the scale of those associated with the original New Deal and the Second World War will be up to the task of comprehensively revitalizing the nation's economy, justly growing our middle class, and expeditiously achieving carbon-neutrality within the twelve-year time-frame that climate science tells us we have before reaching an environmental 'tipping point.' But this is actually good news, the paper argues. For, paradoxically, an ambitious Green New Deal also will be the most 'affordable' Green New Deal, in virtue of the enormous productivity, widespread prosperity, and attendant public revenue benefits that large-scale public investment will bring. In effect, the Green New Deal will amount to that very transformative stimulus which the nation has awaited since the crash of 2008 and its debt-deflationary sequel.

scholarly journals High-Rate Transition Metal-based Cathode Materials for Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Zehao Song ◽  
Pei Shi ◽  
Lin Lv ◽  
Houzhao Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Hybrid Devices ◽  
Scale Grid

With the rapid development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and large-scale grid energy storage devices, it needs to reinforce specific energy and specific power of related electrochemical devices meeting...

scholarly journals 1068. Large-Scale Migration and the Changing Viral Hepatitis Prevalences in North America: A modeling approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S563-S563
Author(s):  
Kenneth A Valles ◽  
Lewis R Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Treatment Programs

Abstract Background Infection by hepatitis B and C viruses causes inflammation of the liver and can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The WHO’s ambition to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030 requires strategies specific to the dynamic disease profiles each nation faces. Large-scale human movement from high-prevalence nations to the United States and Canada have altered the disease landscape, likely warranting adjustments to present elimination approaches. However, the nature and magnitude of the new disease burden remains unknown. This study aims to generate a modeled estimate of recent HBV and HCV prevalence changes to the United States and Canada due to migration. Methods Total migrant populations from 2010-2019 were obtained from United Nations Migrant Stock database. Country-of-origin HBV and HCV prevalences were obtained for the select 40 country-of-origin nations from the Polaris Observatory and systematic reviews. A standard pivot table was used to evaluate the disease contribution from and to each nation. Disease progression estimates were generated using the American Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines and outcome data. Results Between 2010 and 2019, 7,676,937 documented migrants arrived in US and Canada from the selected high-volume nations. Primary migrant source regions were East Asia and Latin America. Combined, an estimated 878,995 migrants were HBV positive, and 226,428 HCV positive. The majority of both migrants (6,477,506) and new viral hepatitis cases (HBV=840,315 and HCV=215,359) were found in the United States. The largest source of HBV cases stemmed from the Philippines, and HCV cases from El Salvador. Conclusion Massive human movement has significantly changed HBV and HCV disease burdens in both the US and Canada over the past decade and the long-term outcomes of cirrhosis and HCC are also expected to increase. These increases are likely to disproportionally impact individuals of the migrant and refugee communities and screening and treatment programs must be strategically adjusted in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenses. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Study on the High-Speed Milling Performance of High-Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4143
Author(s):  
Youzheng Cui ◽  
Shenrou Gao ◽  
Fengjuan Wang ◽  
Qingming Hu ◽  
Cheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
High Volume Fraction ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Element Analysis

Compared with other materials, high-volume fraction aluminum-based silicon carbide composites (hereinafter referred to as SiCp/Al) have many advantages, including high strength, small change in the expansion coefficient due to temperature, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, high fatigue resistance, low density, good dimensional stability, and thermal conductivity. SiCp/Al composites have been widely used in aerospace, ordnance, transportation service, precision instruments, and in many other fields. In this study, the ABAQUS/explicit large-scale finite element analysis platform was used to simulate the milling process of SiCp/Al composites. By changing the parameters of the tool angle, milling depth, and milling speed, the influence of these parameters on the cutting force, cutting temperature, cutting stress, and cutting chips was studied. Optimization of the parameters was based on the above change rules to obtain the best processing combination of parameters. Then, the causes of surface machining defects, such as deep pits, shallow pits, and bulges, were simulated and discussed. Finally, the best cutting parameters obtained through simulation analysis was the tool rake angle γ0 = 5°, tool clearance angle α0 = 5°, corner radius r = 0.4 mm, milling depth ap = 50 mm, and milling speed vc= 300 m/min. The optimal combination of milling parameters provides a theoretical basis for subsequent cutting.

scholarly journals Study Rheological Behavior of Polymer Solution in Different-Medium-Injection-Tools

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Huang ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Cheng Fu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Haoran Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
Local Perturbation ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Single Pipe

Previous studies showed the difficulty during polymer flooding and the low producing degree for the low permeability layer. To solve the problem, Daqing, the first oil company, puts forward the polymer-separate-layer-injection-technology which separates mass and pressure in a single pipe. This technology mainly increases the control range of injection pressure of fluid by using the annular de-pressure tool, and reasonably distributes the molecular weight of the polymer injected into the thin and poor layers through the shearing of the different-medium-injection-tools. This occurs, in order to take advantage of the shearing thinning property of polymer solution and avoid the energy loss caused by the turbulent flow of polymer solution due to excessive injection rate in different injection tools. Combining rheological property of polymer and local perturbation theory, a rheological model of polymer solution in different-medium-injection-tools is derived and the maximum injection velocity is determined. The ranges of polymer viscosity in different injection tools are mainly determined by the structures of the different injection tools. However, the value of polymer viscosity is mainly determined by the concentration of polymer solution. So, the relation between the molecular weight of polymer and the permeability of layers should be firstly determined, and then the structural parameter combination of the different-medium-injection-tool should be optimized. The results of the study are important for regulating polymer injection parameters in the oilfield which enhances the oil recovery with reduced the cost.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution at the Drosophila telomere: transposable element dynamics at an intrinsically unstable locus

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P McGurk ◽  
Anne-Marie Dion-Côté ◽  
Daniel A Barbash
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Conflict ◽  
Number Variation

AbstractDrosophila telomeres have been maintained by three families of active transposable elements (TEs), HeT-A, TAHRE, and TART, collectively referred to as HTTs, for tens of millions of years, which contrasts with an unusually high degree of HTT interspecific variation. While the impacts of conflict and domestication are often invoked to explain HTT variation, the telomeres are unstable structures such that neutral mutational processes and evolutionary tradeoffs may also drive HTT evolution. We leveraged population genomic data to analyze nearly 10,000 HTT insertions in 85  Drosophila melanogaster genomes and compared their variation to other more typical TE families. We observe that occasional large-scale copy number expansions of both HTTs and other TE families occur, highlighting that the HTTs are, like their feral cousins, typically repressed but primed to take over given the opportunity. However, large expansions of HTTs are not caused by the runaway activity of any particular HTT subfamilies or even associated with telomere-specific TE activity, as might be expected if HTTs are in strong genetic conflict with their hosts. Rather than conflict, we instead suggest that distinctive aspects of HTT copy number variation and sequence diversity largely reflect telomere instability, with HTT insertions being lost at much higher rates than other TEs elsewhere in the genome. We extend previous observations that telomere deletions occur at a high rate, and surprisingly discover that more than one-third do not appear to have been healed with an HTT insertion. We also report that some HTT families may be preferentially activated by the erosion of whole telomeres, implying the existence of HTT-specific host control mechanisms. We further suggest that the persistent telomere localization of HTTs may reflect a highly successful evolutionary strategy that trades away a stable insertion site in order to have reduced impact on the host genome. We propose that HTT evolution is driven by multiple processes, with niche specialization and telomere instability being previously underappreciated and likely predominant.

Computer Implementation of the Dykstra-Parsons Method of Waterflood Calculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosper Kiisi Lekia
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Computer Implementation ◽  
Natural Energy ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
Secondary Recovery ◽  
Time Required ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract One of the challenges of the petroleum industry is achieving maximum recovery from oil reservoirs. The natural energy of the reservoir, primary recoveries in most cases do not exceed 20%. To improve recovery, secondary recovery techniques are employed. With secondary recovery techniques such as waterflooding, an incremental recovery ranging from 15 to 25% can be achieved. Several theories and methods have been developed for predicting waterflood performance. The Dykstra-Parson technique stands as the most widely used of these methods. The authors developed a discrete, analytical solution from which the vertical coverage, water-oil ratio, cumulative oil produced, cumulative water produced and injected, and the time required for injection was determined. Reznik et al extended the work of Dykstra and Parson to include exact, analytical, continuous solutions, with explicit solutions for time, constant injection pressure, and constant overall injection rate conditions, property time, real or process time, with the assumption of piston-like displacement. This work presents a computer implementation to compare the results of the Dykstra and Parson method, and the Reznik et al extension. A user-friendly graphical user interface executable application has been developed for both methods using Python 3. The application provides an interactive GUI output for graphs and tables with the python matplotlib module, and Pandastable. The GUI was built with Tkinter and converted to an executable desktop application using Pyinstaller and the Nullsoft Scriptable Install System, to serve as a hands-on tool for petroleum engineers and the industry. The results of the program for both methods gave a close match with that obtained from the simulation performed with Flow (Open Porous Media). The results provided more insight into the underlying principles and applications of the methods.

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